-- Photo-Enamel process; first patent December 13th. -- Dry collodion plates first introduced. 1855. M. Poitevin's helioplastic process patented February 20th. -- Dr. J. M. Taupenot's dry plate process introduced. -- Photo-galvanic process patented June 5th. -- "Hardwich's Photographic Chemistry." First edition, published March 12th. -- Ferrotype process introduced in America by Mr. J. W. Griswold. 1856. "Photographic Notes." Edited by Thomas Sutton. Commenced January 1st; bi-monthly. 1856. Sutton's Calotype process, published March. 1856. Dr. Hill Norris's dry plate process. Patented September 1st. 1856. Caranza published method of toning silver prints with chloride of platinum. 1857. Moule's photogene, artificial light for portraiture. Patented February 18th. -- Carte-de-visite portraits introduced by M. Ferrier, of Nice. -- Kinnear Camera introduced. Made by Bell, Edinburgh. 1858. Pouncy's Carbon process patented April 10th. -- Skaife's Pistolgraph camera introduced. 1858. J. C. Burnett exposed the back of the carbon paper and obtained half-tones. -- Fox Talbot's photo-etching process, patented April 20th. -- Paul Pretsch's photo-engraving process introduced. -- "Sutton's Dictionary of Photography," published August 17th. -- _The Photographic News_, founded, weekly. First number published September 10th, by Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London. -- "Fothergill Dry Process," by Alfred Keene, published August. 1859. Sutton's panoramic camera patented, September 28th. -- Photo-lithographic Transfer process patented by Osborne, in Melbourne, Australia. -- Wm. Blair, of Perth, secured half-tone in carbon printing by allowing the light to pass through the back of the paper on which the pigment was spread. -- Asser, of Amsterdam, also invented a photo-lithographic transfer process about this time. 1860. "Principles and Practice of Photography," by Jabez Hughes. First edition published; fourteenth edition, 1887. -- Fargier coated carbon surface with collodion, exposed, and transferred to glass to develop. -- Spectroscope invented by Kertchoff and Bunsen. 1860. "Year-Book of Photography," edited by G. Wharton Simpson, first published. -- Improved Kinnear camera with swing front and back by Meagher. 1861. Captain Dixon's iodide emulsion process patented, April 29th. -- M. Gaudin, of Paris, employed gelatine in his photogene, and published in _La Lumière_ his collodio-iodide and collodio-chloride processes. -- H. Anthony, New York, discovered that Tannin dry plates could be developed by moisture and ammonia vapour. 1862. "Alkaline Development," published by Major Russell. -- Meagher's square bellows camera, with folding bottom board, exhibited at the International Exhibition. Noticed in Jurors' Report. -- Parkesine, the forerunner of celluloid films, invented by Alexander Parkes, of Birmingham. 1863. Pouncy's fatty ink process; patented January 29th. -- Toovey's photo-lithographic process; patented June 29th.