The evolution of scientific thought from Newton to EinsteinD'Abro, A. (Aram)
Science
The evolution of scientific thought from Newton to Einstein
D'Abro, A. (Aram)
Relativity (Physics); Science -- Methodology
The word “observer” is a very loose term and does not necessarily
mean a living human being. We might replace the observer’s eyes by a
photographic camera, his computation of time-flow by a clock—in fact,
all his senses and measurements by recording instruments of a suitable
nature, whose readings any man situated in any frame could check later.
The results would still be the same.
Now it might be feared that, with this vanishing of the absoluteness
of such fundamental forms of perception as duration and distance, the
entire objective world of science would sink to a shadow; and without a
common objective world, science would be impossible. However, we need
have no fear of any such catastrophe; for, as will be explained in
later pages, a new common objective world of space-time will take the
place of the classical one of space and time. But even at the present
stage, without appealing to space-time, we can see that objectivity is
not denied us for the following reasons:
When two different Galilean observers measure the same object, or
time the duration of the same phenomenon, their computations will
differ according to the rules specified in the Lorentz-Einstein
transformations. It follows that the observers may infer that they
are discussing the same objects, not when their respective
measurements agree according to the classical standards of absolute
distance and duration, but when they agree with the new standards set
by the Lorentz-Einstein transformations. Thus a definite criterion of
objectivity is still possible, though its form differs from that of
classical science. So in spite of the indefiniteness of the concepts
on which classical science was founded (space, time, force, mass),
Einstein’s theory does not deprive us of the possibility of conceiving
of the existence of a common outside world.
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