The evolution of scientific thought from Newton to EinsteinD'Abro, A. (Aram)
Science
The evolution of scientific thought from Newton to Einstein
D'Abro, A. (Aram)
Relativity (Physics); Science -- Methodology
But if now we view the same problem in the light of Einstein’s theory,
and if we remember that an infinite speed is a relative depending on
the frame of reference or relative motion of the observer, we find that
these opinions are no longer tenable. As before, the observer on the
earth will be perfectly justified in believing that the two events (the
solar one and the one occurring at his side) are simultaneous; but, on
the other hand, another observer in relative motion would discover that
the earth observer was wrong, for as referred to his own frame, the
perturbation would not have spanned the sun-earth distance in zero time
with infinite speed. According to him, therefore, the two events would
not be physically simultaneous.
In short, physical simultaneity and duration, which were considered
absolutes by classical science, must now be considered relatives having
no absolute, universal significance, since they vary when computed
in frames moving at various relative speeds.
But it is most important to realise that this relativity of
simultaneity holds only for events occurring in different places and
does not apply to events occurring in the same place. The reason for
this distinction is easily understood. Suppose that two instantaneous
events occur at the same point and at the same time in our frame of
reference. The events, being simultaneous and copunctual in our frame,
are said to constitute a coincidence of events. If now we change
our frame of reference, will the two events as referred to this new
frame also be simultaneous and copunctual? Obviously yes. The principle
of sufficient reason itself should satisfy us on this score, since
whatever disruption in copunctuality or simultaneity a change of frame
might bring about, as there is nothing to distinguish one event from
the other, either in position or in time, there is no reason why one
event should precede rather than follow the other, either in position
or in time, when the frame is changed. A concrete illustration would
be given by a collision between two automobiles. Here we have two
bodies situated at the same point of the road (or thereabouts) at the
same instant of time; hence the observer on the road is witnessing
a coincidence of events in the road-frame. Obviously, were he to
view these happenings from some passing train, the collision would
occur just the same; hence, so far as the train-reference-system was
concerned, the two events would continue to constitute a coincidence.
From this we see that, in contradistinction to the simultaneity of
events occurring in different places, which is essentially a relative
depending on the choice of our frame of reference, a coincidence of
events is an absolute, that is, remains a coincidence or a simultaneity
in all frames of reference.
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