I must note here that plants and animals do not multiply by means of germ-cells alone, but that many species--the majority of plants and the simpler forms of animals--also exhibit multiplication by budding or division. All animals and plants which do not stop short at the stage of the individual, the 'person,' but rise to the higher stage of the 'stock' (or corm), illustrate this. The first person from which the formation of the stock proceeds gives rise by budding or division to new persons which remain attached to it, and in turn by repeated production of buds give rise to a third, fourth, or _n_^{th} generation of persons, all remaining in connexion with the first, and together forming the composite individuality of the animal-colony or plant-stock. Such colonies or stocks are seen in polyps and corals, Siphonophoræ and Bryozoa, and among plants, according to Alexander Braun, in all phanerogams which do not consist only of a single shoot. In these cases we find that definite, or perhaps indefinite groups of cells in the stock may give rise to a new person, and we have to inquire how this power may be theoretically interpreted. New stocks may also have their origin from such buds, or from single persons of the stock. The fresh-water polyp (_Hydra_) gives rise by budding to a small stock of at most three or four persons; but the young animals budded off only remain attached to the parent hydra until they have attained their full development; then they detach themselves and settle down independently, and begin to bud off in turn a similar and transitory stock. Among plants there are many which, like _Dentaria bulbifera_ and _Marchantia polymorpha_, multiply by so-called 'brood-buds,' that is, buds which fall from the stock and grow into new plants. The whole horticultural propagation of plants by cuttings also depends on the process of budding, for what is cut off from the parent plant and stuck into the earth is a single shoot, that is, a 'person' which possesses the power of sending down roots into the earth, and by continual budding giving rise to new shoots or persons which together make up a new plant-stock.