An attempt has been made to prove its truth by a quotation from this volume, in which the accuser, mistaking dates, assigns the drawings of the Difference Engine No. 2, which did not exist until 1847, as the causes of the discontinuance of No. 1, which was given up in 1843. This charge too is made in the face of a distinct denial by Mr. Babbage that the late Sir Robert Peel could have been influenced by any such _supposed_ wish, because he had in his possession a written _disavowal_ of it from Mr. B. himself; it is also made in the teeth of the very words used by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who, in his letter to Mr. B. regretting the necessity of giving it up, assigns as its cause “_the expense_.” Both these latter statements had been already published in 1848. [16] Reflections on the Decline of Science in England, and on some of its Causes. 1830. [17] A small pamphlet, the production of an amiable and excellent foreign philosopher, cannot be considered an answer: since it did not _contradict_ the facts, and only answered opinions on science, which were _not_ maintained in that book. [18] Athenæum, 14 Oct. 1848, and 16 Dec. 1848. [19] Sir James South, in conjunction with Sir John Herschel, completed the examination of 380 double and triple stars; a work for which the authors were awarded the great Astronomical prize of the Institute of France in 1825, and the Medal of the Astronomical Society of London in 1826. [20] “When he [Sir J. S.] was elected President, I [Rev. R. S.] was elected Secretary to keep him in order.” [21] At an earlier period of his life, his studies were directed towards the profession of the law. [22] On the 19th July, 1836, at the 23d meeting under the Arbitrator, the Rev. R. Sheepshanks _cross-examined_ Mr. Savage the Architect. CHAPTER XIII. CALCULATING ENGINES. It is not a bad definition of _man_ to describe him as a _tool-making animal_. His earliest contrivances to support uncivilized life, were tools of the simplest and rudest construction. His latest achievements in the substitution of machinery, not merely for the skill of the human hand, but for the relief of the human intellect, are founded on the use of tools of a still higher order. The successful construction of all machinery depends on the perfection of the tools employed, and whoever is a master in the art of tool-making possesses the key to the construction of all machines. The Crystal Palace, and all its splendid contents, owe their existence to _tools_ as the physical means:—to intellect as the guiding power, developed equally on works of industry or on objects of taste. The contrivance and the construction of tools, must therefore ever stand at the head of the industrial arts.