[510] Porphyry interpreted the three kings who succumbed to the little horn to be Ptolemy Philometor, Ptolemy Euergetes II., and Artaxias, King of Armenia. The critics who begin the ten kings with Alexander the Great count Seleucus IV. (Philopator) as one of the three who were supplanted by Antiochus. Von Gutschmid counts as one of the three a younger brother of Demetrius, said to have been murdered by Antiochus (Müller, _Fr. Hist. Græc._, iv. 558). [511] Comp. viii. 23. [512] Comp. λαλεῖν μέγαλα (Rev. xiii. 5); Hom., _Od._, xvi. 243. [513] Comp. xi. 36. [514] Jos., _B. J._, I. i. 2, VI. x. 1. In _Antt._, XII. v. 3, Josephus says he took Jerusalem by stratagem. [515] Jahn, _Hebr. Commonwealth_, § xciv.; Ewald, _Hist. of Isr._, v. 293-300. [516] 2 Macc. iv. 9-15: "The priests had no courage to serve any more at the altar, but despising the Temple, and neglecting the sacrifices, hastened to be partakers of the unlawful allowance in the place of exercise, after the game of Discus ... not setting by the honours of their fathers, but liking the glory of the Grecians best of all." [517] 1 Macc. i. 29-40; 2 Macc. v. 24-26; Jos., _Antt._, XII. v. 4. Comp. Dan. xi. 30, 31. See Schürer, i. 155 ff. [518] Jerome, _Comm. in Dan._, viii., ix.; Tac., _Hist._, v. 8; 1 Macc. i. 41-53; 2 Macc. v. 27, vi. 2; Jos., _Antt._, XII. v. 4. [519] 1 Macc. ii. 41-64, iv. 54; 2 Macc. vi. 1-9, x. 5; Jos., _Antt._, XII. v. 4; Dan. xi. 31. [520] Maccabee perhaps means "the Hammerer" (comp. the names Charles _Martel_ and _Malleus hæreticorum_). Simeon was called _Tadshî_, "he increases" (? Gk., Θασσίς). [521] The numbers vary in the records. [522] Prideaux, _Connection_, ii. 212. Comp. Rev. xii. 14, xi. 2, 3. [523] John x. 22. [524] On the death of Antiochus see 1 Macc. vi. 8; 2 Macc. ix.; Polybius, xxxi. 11; Jos., _Antt._, XII. ix. 1, 2. [525] Polybius, _De Virt. et Vit._, Exc. Vales, p. 144; Q. Curtius, v. 13; Strabo, xi. 522; Appian, _Syriaca_, xlvi. 80; 1 Macc. vi.; 2 Macc. ix.; Jos., _Antt._, XII. ix. 1; Prideaux, ii. 217; Jahn, _Hebr. Commonwealth_ § xcvi. [526] Dan. vii. 26. [527] Dan. vii. 12. This is only explicable at all--and then not clearly--on the supposition that the fourth beast represents Alexander and the Diadochi. See even Pusey, p. 78. [528] Ezek. i. 26; Psalm l. 3. Comp. the adaptation of this vision in Enoch xlvi. 1-3. [529] Isa. l. 11, lx. 10-12, lxvi. 24, Joel iii. 1, 2. See Rev. i. 13. In the Gospels it is not "a son of man," but generally ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. Comp. Matt. xvi. 13, xxiv. 30; John xii. 34; Acts vii. 56; Justin, _Dial. c. Tryph._, 31. [530] Comp. Mark xiv. 62; Rev. i. 7; Hom., _Il._, v. 867, ὁμοῦ νεφέεσσιν. [531] Comp. Ezek. i. 26.