[539] Theodot., οὐβάλ; Ewald, _Stromgebiet_--a place where several rivers meet. The Jews prayed on river-banks (Acts xvi. 13), and Ezekiel had seen his vision on the Chebar (Ezek. i. 1, iii. 15, etc.); but this Ulai is here mentioned because the palace stood on its bank. Both the LXX. and Theodotion omit the word Ulai. [540] "Susianam ab Elymaide disterminat amnis Eulæus" (Plin., _H. N._, vi. 27). [541] See Loftus, _Chaldæa_, p. 346, who visited Shush in 1854; Herzog, _R. E._, _s.v._ "Susa." A tile was found by Layard at Kuyunjik representing a large city between two rivers. It probably represents Susa. Loftus says that the city stood between the Choaspes and the Kopratas (now the Dizful). [542] The Latin word for "to butt" is _arietare_, from _aries_, "a ram." It butts in three directions (comp. Dan. vii. 5). Its conquests in the East were apart from the writer's purpose. Crœsus called the Persians ὑβρισταί, and Æschylus ὑπέρκομποι ἄγαν, _Pers._, 795 (Stuart). For horns as the symbol of strength see Amos vi. 13; Psalm lxxv. 5. [543] Unicorns are often represented on Assyrio-Babylonian sculptures. [544] 1 Macc. i. 1-3; Isa. xli. 2; Hosea xiii. 7, 8; Hab. i. 6. [545] Fury (_chemah_), "heat," "violence"--also of _deadly_ venom (Deut. xxxii. 24). [546] A.V., "four _notable_ horns"; but the word _chazoth_ means literally "a sight of four"--_i.e._, "four _other_ horns" (comp. ver. 8). Grätz reads _achēroth_; LXX., ἕτερα τέσσαρα (comp. xi. 4). [547] Lit. "out of littleness." [548] _Hatstsebî_. Comp. xi. 45; Ezek. xx. 6; Jer. iii. 19; Zech. vii. 14; Psalm cvi. 24. The Rabbis make the word mean "the gazelle" for fanciful reasons (_Taanîth_, 69, _a_). [549] The physical image implies the war against the spiritual host of heaven, the holy people with their leaders. See 1 Macc. i. 24-30; 2 Macc. ix. 10. The _Tsebaoth_ mean primarily the stars and angels, but next the Israelites (Exod. vii. 4). [550] So in the Hebrew margin (_Q'rî_), followed by Theodoret and Ewald; but in the text (_Kethîbh_) it is, "by him the daily was abolished"; and with this reading the Peshito and Vulgate agree. _Hattamîd_, "the daily" sacrifice; LXX., ἐνδελεχισμός; Numb. xxviii. 3; 1 Macc. i. 39, 45, iii. 45. [551] The Hebrew is here corrupt. The R.V. renders it, "And the host was given over _to it_, together with the continual _burnt offering_ through transgression; and it cast down truth to the ground, and it did _its pleasure_ and prospered." [552] Dan. viii. 13. I follow Ewald in this difficult verse, and with him Von Lengerke and Hitzig substantially agree; but the text is again corrupt, as appears also in the LXX. It would be useless here to enter into minute philological criticism. "How long?" (comp. Isa. vi. 11). [553] LXX., φελμωνί; _nescio quis_ (Vulg., _viri_). [554] Comp. for the expression xii. 6.