[126] It is only by confining his review of the word to its applications to God, and overlooking the passages which attribute it to the people, that Krüger, _Essai sur la Théologie d'Isaïe xl.-lxvi._, can affirm that the prophet holds throughout to a single idea of righteousness (p. 36). On this, as on many other points, it is Calvin's treatment, that is most sympathetic to the variations of the original. [127] In Arabic the cognate word is applied to a lance, but this may mean a sound or fit lance as well as a straight one. "Originem Schult. de defect. hodiernis § 214-224 ponit in _rigore_, _duritia_, coll. [Arabic: **] lancea dura, al. aequabilis" (Gesenii _Thesaurus_, art. צדק). [128] It is not certain whether righteousness is here used in a physical sense; and in all other cases in which the root is applied in the Old Testament to material objects, it is plainly employed in some reflection of its moral sense, _e.g._, _just_ weights, _just_ balance, Lev. xix. 36. [129] "Der Zustand welcher der Norm entspricht." Schultz, _Alt. Test. Theologie_, 4th ed., p. 540, n. 1. [130] _Cf._ Robertson Smith, _Prophets of Israel_, p. 388, and Kautzsch's paper, which is there quoted. [131] "Die Begriffe צדקה und צדק ... bedeuten nun wirklich bei Amos mehr als die juristische Gerechtigkeit. Indirect gehen die Forderungen des Amos über die blos rechtliche Sphäre hinaus" (Duhm, _Theologie der Propheten_, p. 115). [132] Gen. xxxviii. 26. _Cf._ 2 Sam. xv. 4. [133] The first chapter of Isaiah is a perfect summary of these two. [134] But the verb to _make righteous_ or _justify_ is used in a sense akin to the New Testament sense in liii. 11. See our chapter on that prophecy. [135] At first sight this is remarkably like the cognate Arabic root, which is continually used for truthful. But the Hebrew word never meant truthful in the moral sense of truth, and here is _right_ or _correct_. [136] _Earth_ again without article, though obviously referring to the world. [137] Sense doubtful here. Bredenkamp translates by a slight change of reading: _Only speaking by Jehovah: Fulness of righteousness and might come to Him, and ashamed, etc._