The Expositor's Bible: The Book of NumbersWatson, Robert A. (Robert Alexander)
Religion
The Expositor's Bible: The Book of Numbers
Watson, Robert A. (Robert Alexander)
Bible. Numbers -- Commentaries
Now throughout the narrative, although other issues are involved,
there can be no question that the main design is the confirmation
of the Aaronic priesthood. What happened conveyed a warning of
most extraordinary severity against any attempt to interfere with
the sacerdotal order as established. And this we can understand.
But it becomes a question why a revolt of Reubenites against Moses
was connected with that of Korah against the sole priesthood of
the Aaronic house. We have also to consider how it came about that
princes out of all the tribes were to be found provided with censers,
which they were apparently in the habit of using to burn incense to
Jehovah. There is a Levitical revolt; there is an assumption by men
in each tribe of priestly dignity; and there is a protest by men
representing the tribe of Reuben against the dictatorship of Moses.
In what way might these different movements arise and combine in a
crisis that almost wrecked the fortunes of Israel?
The explanation supplied by Wellhausen on the basis of his main
theory is exceedingly laboured, at some points improbable, at others
defective. According to the Jehovistic tradition, he says,[8] the
rebellion proceeds from the Reubenites, and is directed against Moses
as leader and judge of the people. The historical basis of this is
dimly discerned to be the fall of Reuben from its old place at the
head of the brother tribes. Out of this story, says Wellhausen,
at some time or other not specified, "when the people of the
congregation, _i.e._, of the Church, have once come on the scene,"
there arises a second version. The author of the agitation is now
Korah, a prince of the tribe of Judah, and he rebels not only against
Moses but against Moses and Aaron as representing the priesthood.
"The jealousy of the secular grandees is now directed against the
class of hereditary priests instead of against the extraordinary
influence on the community of a heaven-sent hero." Then there is a
third addition which "belongs likewise to the Priestly Code, but
not to its original contents." In this, Korah the prince of the
tribe of Judah is replaced by another Korah, head of a "post-exilic
Levitical family"; and "the contest between clergy and aristocracy is
transformed into a domestic strife between the higher and inferior
clergy which was no doubt raging in the time of the narrator." All
this is supposed to be a natural and easy explanation of what would
otherwise be an "insoluble enigma." We ask, however, at what period
any family of Judah would be likely to claim the priesthood, and at
what post-exilic period there was "no doubt" a strife between the
higher and inferior clergy. Nor is there any account here of the two
hundred and fifty princes of the congregation, with their partially
developed ritual antagonistic to that of the tabernacle.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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