Again, the three Woe-Trumpets are directed against "them that dwell on the earth."[227] But, as has been already said, it is a principle of interpretation applicable to all the three series of the Seals, the Trumpets, and the Bowls, that traits filling up the picture in one member belong also to the other members of the group, and that the judgments, while under one aspect seven, are under another one. The three Woes therefore fall upon the same field of judgment as that visited by the plagues preceding them. In other words, all the six plagues of this series of visions are inflicted upon "them that dwell on the earth;" and that is simply another form of expression for the ungodly world. Again, under the fifth Trumpet the children of God are separated from the ungodly, so that the particulars of that judgment do not touch them. The locusts are instructed that _they should not hurt the grass of the earth, neither any green thing, neither any tree; but only such men as have not the seal of God in their foreheads_.[228] Again, the seventh Trumpet, in which the series culminates, and which embodies its character as a whole, will be found to deal with judgment on the world alone: "The nations were roused to wrath, and Thy wrath came, and the time of the dead to be judged," ... and "the time to destroy them that destroy the earth."[229] Finally, the description given at the end of the sixth Trumpet of those who were hardened rather than softened by the preceding judgments leads directly to the same conclusion: _And the rest of mankind which were not killed by these plagues repented not of the works of their hands, that they should not worship devils, and the idols of gold, and of silver, and of brass, and of stone, and of wood._[230] These considerations leave no doubt that the judgments of the Trumpets are judgments on the world. The Church, it is true, may also suffer from them, but not in judgment. They may be part of her trial as she mixes with the world during her earthly pilgrimage. Trial, however, is not judgment. To the children of God it is the discipline of a Father's hand. In the midst of it the Church is safe, and it helps to ripen her for the fulness of the glory of her heavenly inheritance. FOOTNOTES: [197] Chap. iv. 8. [198] John ii. 4; xii. 27. [199] John v. 27. [200] Smith's _Dictionary of the Bible_, INCENSE. [201] Ps. l. 15. [202] Chap. vi. 10. [203] Comp. p. 103. [204] Exod. ix. 23-25. [205] Matt. xxi. 21. [206] Zech. iv. 7; Ps. xlvi. 2. [207] Jer. li. 25. [208] Exod. vii. 20, 21. [209] Isa. xiv. 12. [210] Jer. ix. 15. [211] Exod. xv. 23. [212] Comp. p. 97. [213] Exod. x. 21-23. [214] Comp. Job ix. 26. [215] Exod. x. 12-15. [216] Joel ii. 3. [217] Joel ii. 4-10. [218] Chaps. xxii. 16; i. 18. [219] Vers. 3-5. [220] Comp. p. 268. [221] Gen. xv. 18. [222] 1 Kings iv. 21. [223] Isa. viii. 5-8. [224] Hab. i. 5-10. [225] Chap. viii. 3. [226] Matt. xiii. 30. [227] Chap. viii. 13. [228] Chap. ix. 4.