3. It will be obvious that with a text so corrupt, with a style so broken and incapable of logical division, questions of AUTHENTICITY are raised to a pitch of the greatest difficulty. Allusion has been made to the number of glosses which must have been found necessary from even an early period, and of some of which we can discern the proofs.[437] We will deal with these as they occur. But we may here discuss, as a whole, another class of suspected passages--suspected for the same reason that we saw a number in Amos to be, because of their reference to Judah. In the Book of Hosea (chaps. iv.-xiv.) they are twelve in number. Only one of them is favourable (iv. 15): _Though Israel play the harlot, let not Judah sin._ Kuenen[438] argues that this is genuine, on the ground that the peculiar verb _to sin_ or _take guilt to oneself_ is used several other times in the book,[439] and that the wish expressed is in consonance with what he understands to be Hosea's favourable feeling towards Judah. Yet Hosea nowhere else makes any distinction between Ephraim and Judah in the matter of sin, but condemns both equally; and as iv. 15 f. are to be suspected on other grounds as well, I cannot hold this reference to Judah to be beyond doubt. Nor is the reference in viii. 14 genuine: _And Israel forgat her Maker and built temples, and Judah multiplied fenced cities, but I will send fire on his cities and it shall devour her palaces_. Kuenen[440] refuses to reject the reference to Judah, on the ground that without it the rhythm of the verse is spoiled; but the fact is the whole verse must go. Chap. v. 13 forms a climax, which v. 14 only weakens; the style is not like Hosea's own, and indeed is but an echo of verses of Amos.[441] Nor can we be quite sure about v. 5: _Israel and Ephraim shall stumble by their iniquities, and_ (LXX.) _stumble also shall Judah with them_; or vi. 10, 11: _In Bethel I have seen horrors: there playest thou the harlot, Ephraim; there Israel defiles himself; also Judah_ ... (the rest of the text is impracticable). In both these passages Judah is the awkward third of a parallelism, and is introduced by an _also_, as if an afterthought. Yet the afterthought may be the prophet's own; for in other passages, to which no doubt attaches, he fully includes Judah in the sinfulness of Israel. Cornill rejects x. 11, _Judah must plough_, but I cannot see on what grounds; as Kuenen says, it has no appearance of being an intrusion.[442] In xii. 3 Wellhausen reads _Israel_ for _Judah_, but the latter is justified if not rendered necessary by the reference to Judah in ver. 1, which Wellhausen admits. Against the other references--v. 10, _The princes of Judah are as removers of boundaries_; v. 12, _I shall be as the moth to Ephraim, and a worm to the house of Judah_; v. 13, _And Ephraim saw his disease, and Judah his sore_; v. 14, _For I am as a roaring lion to Ephraim, and as a young lion to the house of Judah_; vi. 4, _What