[420] Some have found a later allusion in chap. x. 14: _like unto the destruction_ of (?) _Shalman_ (of ?) _Beth' Arbe'l_. Pusey, p. 5 _b_, and others take this to allude to a destruction of the Galilean Arbela, the modern Irbid, by Salmanassar IV., who ascended the Assyrian throne in 727 and besieged Samaria in 724 ff. But since the construction of the phrase leaves it doubtful whether the name Shalman is that or the agent or object of the destruction, and whether, if the agent, he be one of the Assyrian Salmanassars or a Moabite King Salman _c._ 730 B.C., it is impossible to make use of the verse in fixing the date of the Book of Hosea. See further, p. 289. Wellhausen omits. [421] v. 1; vi. 8; xii. 12: cf. W. R. Smith, _Prophets_, 156. [422] Cf. W. R. Smith, _l.c._ [423] Cf. W. R. Smith, _Prophets_, 157: Hosea's "language and the movement of his thoughts are far removed from the simplicity and self-control which characterise the prophecy of Amos. Indignation and sorrow, tenderness and severity, faith in the sovereignty of Jehovah's love, and a despairing sense of Israel's infidelity are woven together in a sequence which has no logical plan, but is determined by the battle and alternate victory of contending emotions; and the swift transitions, the fragmentary unbalanced utterance, the half-developed allusions, that make his prophecy so difficult to the commentator, express the agony of this inward conflict." [424] See above, p. 114. [425] _Præf. in Duod. Prophetas._ [426] Especially in chap. vii. [427] As in xi. 2 _b_. [428] This is especially the case in x. 11-13; xi. 4; xiv. 5. [429] _E.g._ vi. 5 _b_: M.T. יצא אור משפטיך which is nonsense; LXX. כאור משפטי, _My judgment shall go forth like light._ xi. 2: M.T. מִפְּנֵיהֶם; LXX. הֵם מִפָּנַי. [430] iv. 4, עמי for עמך; 8, נפשם for נפ--perhaps; 13, צִלָּה for צִלָּהּ; v. 2; vi. 2 (possibly); viii. 4, read יכרתוּ; ix. 2; xi. 2, 3; xi. 5, 6, where for לא read לו; 10, read לֵֶךְ; xii. 9; xiv. 9 _a_, לֹו for לִי. On the other hand, they are either improbable or quite wrong, as in v. 2 _b_; vi. 2 (but the LXX. may be right here); vii 1 _b_; xi. 1, 4; xii. 5; xiii. 14, 15 (ter.). [431] v. 5 (so as to change the tense: _and Judah shall stumble_); xii. 3, etc. [432] vi. 3; viii. 10, 13; ix. 2; x. 4, 13 _b_, 15 (probably); xii. 2; xiii. 9; xiv. 3. Wrong tense, xii. 11. Cf. also vi. 3. [433] _E.g._ viii. 13. [434] Cf. the Hebrew and Greek, of _e.g._, iv. 10, 11, 12; vi. 9, 10; viii. 5, 6; ix. 8, 9. [435] viii. 13 (14 must be omitted); ix. 17. [436] _Introd._ 284. [437] _E.g._ iv. 15 (?); vi. 11-vii. 1 (?); vii. 4; viii. 2; xii. 6. [438] _Einl._, 323. [439] אשם, v. 15; x. 2; xiii. 1; xiv. 1. [440] P. 313. [441] viii. 14 is also rejected by Wellhausen and Cornill. [442] _Loc. cit._ CHAPTER XIII _THE PROBLEM THAT AMOS LEFT_