It is the same climax of inevitable war to which Amos led up his periods; and a new subject is now introduced. 2. ARTIFICIAL KINGS AND ARTIFICIAL GODS. HOSEA viii. 4-13. The curse of such a state of dissipation as that to which Israel had fallen is that it produces no men. Had the people had in them "the root of the matter," had there been the stalk and the fibre of a national consciousness and purpose, it would have blossomed to a man. In the similar time of her outgoings upon the world Prussia had her Frederick the Great, and Israel, too, would have produced a leader, a heaven-sent king, if the national spirit had not been squandered on foreign trade and fashions. But after the death of Jeroboam every man who rose to eminence in Israel, rose, not on the nation, but only on the fevered and transient impulse of some faction; and through the broken years one party monarch was lifted after another to the brief tenancy of a blood-stained throne. They were not from God, these monarchs; but man-made, and sooner or later man-murdered. With his sharp insight Hosea likens these artificial kings to the artificial gods, also the work of men's hands; and till near the close of his book the idols of the sanctuary and the puppets of the throne form the twin targets of his scorn. _They have made kings, but not from Me; they have made princes, but I knew not. With their silver and their gold they have manufactured themselves idols, only that they_[550] _may be cut off_--king after king, idol upon idol. _He loathes thy Calf, O Samaria_, the thing of wood and gold which thou callest Jehovah. And God confirms this. _Kindled is Mine anger against them! How long will they be incapable of innocence?_--unable to clear themselves of guilt! The idol is still in his mind. _For from Israel is it also_--as much as the puppet-kings; _a workman made it, and no god is it. Yea, splinters shall the Calf of Samaria become._[551] Splinters shall everything in Israel become. _For they sow the wind, and the whirlwind shall they reap._ Indeed like a storm Hosea's own language now sweeps along; and his metaphors are torn into shreds upon it. _Stalk it hath none: the sprout brings forth no grain: if it were to bring forth, strangers would swallow it._[552] Nay, _Israel hath let herself be swallowed up! Already are they become among the nations like a vessel there is no more use for._ Heathen empires have sucked them dry. _They have gone up to Assyria like a runaway wild-ass. Ephraim hath hired lovers._[553] It is again the note of their mad dissipation among the foreigners. _But if they_ thus _give themselves away among the nations, I must gather them in, and_ then _shall they have to cease a little from the anointing of a king and princes_.[554] This wilful roaming of theirs among the foreigners shall be followed by compulsory exile, and all their unholy artificial politics shall cease. The discourse turns to the other target. _For