[458] Caspari (_Der Proph. Ob. ausgelegt_ 1842), Ewald, Graf, Pusey, Driver, Giesebrecht, Wildeboer and König. Cf. Jer. xlix. 9 with Ob. 5; Jer. xlix. 14 ff. with Ob. 1-4. The opening of Ob. 1 ff. is held to be more in its place than where it occurs in the middle of Jeremiah’s passage. The language of Obadiah is “terser and more forcible. Jeremiah seems to expand Obadiah, and parts of Jeremiah which have no parallel in Obadiah are like Obadiah’s own style” (Driver). This strong argument is enforced in detail by Pusey: “Out of the sixteen verses of which the prophecy of Jeremiah against Edom consists, four are identical with those of Obadiah; a fifth embodies a verse of Obadiah’s; of the eleven which remain ten have some turns of expression or idioms, more or fewer, which occur in Jeremiah, either in these prophecies against foreign nations, or in his prophecies generally. Now it would be wholly improbable that a prophet, selecting verses out of the prophecy of Jeremiah, should have selected precisely those which contain none of Jeremiah’s characteristic expressions; whereas it perfectly fits in with the supposition that Jeremiah interwove verses of Obadiah with his own prophecy, that in verses so interwoven there is not one expression which occurs elsewhere in Jeremiah.” Similarly Nowack, _Comm._, 1897. [459] 2 Chron. xx. [460] 2 Chron. xxi. 14-17. [461] So Delitzsch, Keil, Volck in Herzog’s _Real. Ency._ II., Orelli and Kirkpatrick. Delitzsch indeed suggests that the prophet may have been _Obadiah the prince_ appointed by Jehoshaphat _to teach in the cities of Judah_. See above, p. 163, n. 454. [462] Driver, _Introd._ [463] Jer. xlix. 9 and 16 appear to be more original than Ob. 3 and 2b. Notice the presence in Jer. xlix. 16 of תפלצתך which Obadiah omits. [464] 2 Kings xiv. 22; xvi. 6, Revised Version margin. [465] _Einl._³ pp. 185 f.: “In any case Obadiah 1-9 are older than the fourth year of Jehoiakim.” [466] “That the verses Obadiah 10 ff. refer to this event [the sack of Jerusalem] will always remain the most natural supposition, for the description which they give so completely suits that time that it is not possible to take any other explanation into consideration.” [467] Edom paid tribute to Sennacherib in 701, and to Asarhaddon (681—669). According to 2 Kings xxiv. 2 Nebuchadrezzar sent Ammonites, Moabites and Edomites [for ארם read אדם] against Jehoiakim, who had broken his oath to Babylonia. [468] For Edom’s alliances with Arab tribes cf. Gen. xxv. 13 with xxxvi. 3, 12, etc. [469] Ezek. xxv. 4, 5, 10. [470] Diod. Sic. XIX. 94. A little earlier they are described as in possession of Iturea, on the south-east slopes of Anti-Lebanon (Arrian II. 20, 4). [471] Psalm lxxxiii. 8. [472] i. 1-5. [473] _E.g._ in the New Testament: Mark iii. 8. [474] So too Nowack, 1897. [475] Deut. ii. 5, 8, 12. [476] Ezek. xxxv., esp. 2 and 15.