Cyrus (Kurush) the Great 539—529 Cambyses (Kambujiya) 529—522 Pseudo-Smerdis, or Baradis 522 Darius (Darayahush) I., Hystaspis 521—485 Xerxes (Kshayarsha) I. 485—464 Artaxerxes (Artakshathra) I., Longimanus 464—424 Xerxes II. 424—423 Sogdianus 423 Darius II., Nothus 423—404 Artaxerxes II., Mnemon 404—358 Artaxerxes III., Ochus 358—338 Arses 338—335 Darius III., Codomanus 335—331 Of these royal names, Cyrus, Darius, Xerxes (Ahasuerus) and Artaxerxes are given among the Biblical data; but the fact that there are three Darius’, two Xerxes’ and three Artaxerxes’ makes possible more than one set of identifications, and has suggested different chronological schemes of Jewish history during this period. The simplest and most generally accepted identification of the Darius, Xerxes (Ahasuerus) and Artaxerxes of the Biblical history,[527] is that they were the first Persian monarchs of these names; and after needful rearrangement of the somewhat confused order of events in the narrative of the Book of Ezra, it was held as settled that, while the exiles returned under Cyrus about 537, Haggai and Zechariah prophesied and the Temple was built under Darius I. between the second and the sixth year of his reign, or from 520 to 516; that attempts were made to build the walls of Jerusalem under Xerxes I. (485—464), but especially under Artaxerxes I. (464—424), under whom first Ezra in 458 and then Nehemiah in 445 arrived at Jerusalem, promulgated the Law and reorganised Israel.