[1073] See _The Religion of Israel_, Vol. I., pp. 86 f. [1074] _The O.T. and its Contents_, p. 105. [1075] _Lex Mosaica_, pp. 422, 450. [1076] See especially Ewald on Joel in his _Prophets of the O.T._, and Kirkpatrick’s very fair argument in _Doctrine of the Prophets_, pp. 57 ff. [1077] On Joel’s picture of the Day of Jehovah Ewald says: “We have it here in its first simple and clear form, nor has it become a subject of ridicule as in Amos.” [1078] i. 9, 13, 16, ii. 14. [1079] So Ewald. [1080] 2 Kings xi. 4-21. [1081] 1 Kings xiv. 25 f.: cf. Joel iii. 17_b_, 19. [1082] 2 Kings viii. 20-22: cf. Joel iii. 19. [1083] 2 Chron. xxi. 16, 17, xxii. 1: cf. Joel iii. 4-6. [1084] Amos i.: cf. Joel iii. 4-6. [1085] 2 Chron. xx., especially 26: cf. Joel iii. 2. [1086] Joel iii. (Eng.; iv. Heb.) 16; Amos i. 2. For a list of the various periods to which Joel has been assigned by supporters of this early date see Kuenen, § 68. [1087] The reference of Egypt in iii. 19 to Shishak’s invasion appears particularly weak. [1088] Cf. Robertson, _O. T. and its Contents_, 105, and Kirkpatrick’s cautious, though convinced, statement of the reasons for an early date. [1089] iii. 6 (Heb. iv. 6). [1090] Amos i. 9. [1091] _Bibl. Theol._, I., p. 462; _Einl._, pp. 675 ff. [1092] _Ztschr. f. wissensch. Theol._, X., Heft 4. [1093] _Theol. der Proph._, pp. 275 ff. [1094] _Theol. Tijd._, 1876, pp. 362 ff. (not seen). [1095] _Onderz._, § 68. [1096] _Expositor_, 1888, Jan.—June, pp. 198 ff. [1097] See Cheyne, _Origin of Psalter_, xx.; Driver, _Introd._, in the sixth edition of which, 1897, he supports the late date of Joel more strongly than in the first edition, 1892. [1098] Wellhausen allowed the theory of the early date of Joel to stand in his edition of Bleek’s _Einleitung_, but adopts the late date in his own _Kleine Propheten_. [1099] _Die Prophetie des Joels u. ihre Ausleger_, 1879. [1100] _Encyc. Brit._, art. “Joel,” 1881. [1101] _Gesch._, II. 207. [1102] _Theol. Tijdschr._, 1885, p. 151; _Comm._, 1885 (neither seen). [1103] “Sprachcharakter u. Abfassungszeit des B. Joels” in _Z.A.T.W._, 1889, pp. 89 ff. [1104] _Minor Prophets._ [1105] _Bibel._ [1106] _Einleit._ [1107] _Litteratur des A. T._ [1108] _Expositor_, September 1893. [1109] _Comm._, 1897. [1110] iv. (Heb.; iii. Eng.) 1. For this may only mean _turn again the fortunes of Judah and Jerusalem_. [1111] iv. (Heb.; iii. Eng.) 2. The supporters of a pre-exilic date either passed this over or understood it of incursions by the heathen into Israel’s territories in the ninth century. It is, however, too universal to suit these. [1112] iv. (Heb.; iii. Eng.) 5. [1113] Kautzsch dates after Artaxerxes Ochus, and _c._ 350.