[334] LXX., περὶ ἁμαρτίας. _Chattath_ and _Ashâm_ both imply guilt, debt, sin. "The trespass offering affected rights of property, but no precise definition of the two kinds of expiatory offerings can be based upon the statements made in the Pentateuch in respect to them. Perhaps they cannot all be referred to the same time and to one author; for they prescribe both sin and trespass offerings in cases of Levitical impurity, and also for moral offences. All Levites attempting to establish palpable distinctions between them must inevitably fail." (Kalisch, _Leviticus_, part ii., p. 272). The general scheme of sacrifices, as they now stand in the Pentateuch, is as follows:-- Sacrifice (_Zebach_, _Minchah_). | +----------------+----------------+-------------+ | | | | Burnt offering. Peace offering. Expiatory Offering of | offering. Purification. | | | | | +-----+--+----------+ | | | | | | | Child Leprosy. Issue. | | birth. | +----+----------+------------+ | | | | | Sin offering Trespass Offering | (_Chattath_). offering Jealousy. | (_Ashâm_). | +--------+---------+-+--------+--------------+ | | | | | Thank Praise. Paschal Firstborn Firstfruits. offerings. Lamb. of animals. [335] LXX., πλημμελεία. [336] LXX., θυσία σωτηρίον. [337] The phrase "wave offering" indicates the ceremony used by the priests in presenting peace offerings to God. [338] For the full development of these views, see Wellhausen's _Prolegomena_. [339] See Bishop Barry's article on Sacrifice in Smith's _Dictionary of the Bible_, to which, in this paragraph, I am much indebted. [340] Lev. v. 11-13. [341] See Kuenen, _Rel. of Israel_, ii. pp. 259-76. [342] _Speaker's Commentary_, Leviticus, p. 508. In Lev. xvii. 11--"For the soul of the flesh is in the blood, and _I have ordained it for you upon the altar_ to make atonement for your souls; for the blood it is which makes atonement by means of the soul"--Kurtz points out that the blood is simply _chosen as a symbol_, and the superstition that there is any atoning virtue in the blood itself is excluded. [343] _Pæd._, ii. 2, § 19.