The prophet next meets an objection. He has just alleged a profound moral ignorance--a culpable ignorance--against the people. He supposes them to deny the accusation, as doubtless they often did in answer to his remonstrances (cf. xvii. 15, xx. 7 _sq._) _How can ye say, "We are wise"_--morally wise--"_and the teaching of Iahvah is with us!_" [_but behold_: LXX. omits: either term would be sufficient by itself] _for the Lie hath the lying pen of the scribes made it!_ The reference clearly is to what Jeremiah's opponents call "the teaching (or _law: torah_) of Iahvah"; and it is also clear that the prophet charges the "scribes" of the opposite party with falsifying or tampering with the teaching of Iahvah in some way or other. Is it meant that they misrepresented the terms of a written document, such as the Book of the Covenant, or Deuteronomy? But they could hardly do this without detection, in the case of a work which was not in their exclusive possession. Or does Jeremiah accuse them of misinterpreting the sacred law, by putting false glosses upon its precepts, as might be done in a legal document wherever there seemed room for a difference of opinion, or wherever conflicting traditional interpretations existed side by side? (Cf. my remarks on vii. 31.) The Hebrew may indicate this, for we may translate: _But lo, into the lie the lying pen of the scribes hath made it!_ which recalls St. Paul's description of the heathen as changing the truth of God into a lie (Rom. i. 26). The construction is the same as in Gen. xii. 2; Isa. xliv. 17. Or, finally, does he boldly charge these abettors of the false prophets with forging supposititious law-books, in the interest of their own faction, and in support of the claims and doctrines of the worldly priests and prophets? This last view is quite admissible, so far as the Hebrew goes, which, however, is not free from ambiguity. It might be rendered, _But behold, in vain_, or _bootlessly_ (iii. 23) _hath the lying pen of the scribes laboured_; taking the verb in an absolute sense, which is not a common use (Ruth ii. 19). Or we might transpose the terms for "pen" and "lying," and render, _But behold, in vain hath the pen of the scribes fabricated falsehood_. In any case, the general sense is the same: Jeremiah charges not only the speakers, but the writers, of the popular party with uttering their own inventions in the name of Iahvah. These scribes were the spiritual ancestors of those of our Saviour's time, who "made the word of God of none effect for the sake of their traditions" (Matt. xv. 6). _For the Lie_ means, to maintain the popular misbelief. (It might also be rendered, _for falsehood_, _falsely_, as in the phrase _to swear falsely_, _i.e._, for deceit; Lev. v. 24.) It thus appears that conflicting and competing versions of the law were current in that age. Has the Pentateuch preserved elements of both kinds, or is it homogeneous throughout? Of the scribes of the period we, alas! know little beyond