[357] Zech. xi. 8. In 2 Kings xv. 10 the LXX. read καὶ επάταξεν αὐτὸν ἐν κεβλαάμ; and Ewald thinks that "before the people" (קָבָל־צָם) is really a proper name of the third king in one month--"and _Kobolam_ slew him." There is insufficient ground for this; though a similar name is found in Assyrian records. [358] Hos. viii. 3, vii. 7. [359] Zachariah, Shallum, Kobolam (?). [360] Zech. xi. 1-17 (Heb. 13). [361] That this was Thapsacus on the Euphrates (1 Kings iv. 24), and that Menahem was in a position to march northward three hundred miles, and offer so deadly and wanton an insult to the might of Assyria, is out of the question. The name means "a ford," and might apply to any town on a river. Thenius thinks the name is a clerical error for _Tappuach_, between Ephraim and Manasseh (Josh. xvii. 7, 8). [362] Josephus says, ὠμότητος ὑπερβολὴν οὐ καταλιπὼν οὐδὲ ἀγριότητος. It is said that the same crime was committed in 1861 by a Mexican bandit. Machiavelli says, "He who violently and without just right usurps a crown must use cruelty, if cruelty becomes necessary, once for all" (_De princ._, 8). [363] 2 Kings viii. 12; Hos. xiii. 16. [364] Amos i. 13. [365] Hos. x. 14. This allusion is, however, uncertain. Shalmaneser III. is not elsewhere found abbreviated into Shalman. Some suppose him to be a Moabitish king, Salamannu, who was a vassal of Tiglath-Pileser. The LXX., Vulg., etc., identify him with the Zalmunna of Judg. viii. 18. Psalm lxxxiii. 11 renders the word _ex domo ejus qui judicavit Baal_ (_i.e._, Gideon). Beth-Arbel is either Arbela in Galilee, or Irbid, north-east of Pella. [366] Nah. iii. 10. [367] Isa. xiii. 16. [368] The two predecessors of Tiglath-Pileser (_Tuklat-abal-isarra_) were Assurdayan and Assurnirari. [369] Isa. v. 26-29. [370] Comp. Job xx. 15; Ruth ii. 1. [371] Hos. v. 11-13. Comp. x. 6: "It [Samaria] shall be carried to Assyria for a present unto King Jareb." Sayce (_Bab. and Orient. Records_, December 1887) thinks that Jareb may have been the original name of Sargon, and so too Neubauer, _Zeitschr. für Assyr._, 1886. The Vulg. renders King Jareb _ad regem ultorem_, and so too Symmachus. Aquila and Theodotion have δικαζόμενον. It may be the name of an unknown king of Assyria, or of Pul, or of Sargon--R.V., margin, "a king that should contend." [372] Hos. vii. 8-12. [373] Josephus says, τῇ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀκολουθήσας ὠμότητι. [374] 2 Kings xv. 25, A.V., "in the palace of the king's house" (_armon_), rather "fortress." For the character of the Gileadites see 1 Chron. xii. 8, xxvi. 31.