between almost all the emotions and their outward manifestations; and partly from the direct influence of exertion on the heart, and consequently on the brain. Even the simulation of an emotion tends to arouse it in our minds. Shakespeare, who from his wonderful knowledge of the human mind ought to be an excellent judge, says:— Is it not monstrous that this player here, But in a fiction, in a dream of passion, Could force his soul so to his own conceit, That, from her working, all his visage wann’d; Tears in his eyes, distraction in ’s aspect, A broken voice, and his whole function suiting With forms to his conceit? And all for nothing! _Hamlet_, act ii. sc. 2. We have seen that the study of the theory of expression confirms to a certain limited extent the conclusion that man is derived from some lower animal form, and supports the belief of the specific or sub-specific unity of the several races; but as far as my judgment serves, such confirmation was hardly needed. We have also seen that expression in itself, or the language of the emotions, as it has sometimes been called, is certainly of importance for the welfare of mankind. To understand, as far as possible, the source or origin of the various expressions which may be hourly seen on the faces of the men around us, not to mention our domesticated animals, ought to possess much interest for us. From these several causes, we may conclude that the philosophy of our subject has well deserved the attention which it has already received from several excellent observers, and that it deserves still further attention, especially from any able physiologist. FOOTNOTES: 1 (return) [ J. Parsons, in his paper in the Appendix to the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ for 1746, p. 41, gives a list of forty-one old authors who have written on Expression.] 2 (return) [ Conférences sur l’expression des différents Caractères des Passions.’ Paris, 4to, 1667. I always quote from the republication of the ‘Conférences’ in the edition of Lavater, by Moreau, which appeared in 1820, as given in vol. ix. p. 257.] 3 (return) [ ‘Discours par Pierre Camper sur le moyen de représenter les diverses passions,’ &c. 1792. 1844] 4 (return) [ I always quote from the third edition, 1844, which was published after the death of Sir C. Bell, and contains his latest corrections. The first edition of 1806 is much inferior in merit, and does not include some of his more important views.] 5 (return) [ ‘De la Physionomie et de la Parole,’ par Albert Lemoine, 1865, p. 101.]