The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
The digression I spoke of just now, is not the foolish trifle that
ended with the last paragraph, and which the grave critic, to whom
all mirth is unseasonable, will think very impertinent; but a serious
apologetical one I am going to make out of hand, to clear myself from
having any design against arts and sciences, as some heads of colleges
and other careful preservers of human learning might have apprehended,
upon seeing ignorance recommended as a necessary ingredient in the
mixture of civil society.
In the first place, I would have near double the number of professors
in every university of what there is now. Theology with us is generally
well provided, but the two other faculties have very little to boast
of, especially physic. Every branch of that art ought to have two or
three professors, that would take pains to communicate their skill
and knowledge to others. In public lectures, a vain man has great
opportunities to set off his parts, but private instructions are more
useful to students. Pharmacy, and the knowledge of the simples, are as
necessary as anatomy or the history of diseases: it is a shame, that
when men have taken their degree, and are by authority intrusted with
the lives of the subject, they should be forced to come to London to be
acquainted with the Materia Medica, and the composition of medicines,
and receive instructions from others that never had university
education themselves; it is certain, that in the city I named, there
is ten times more opportunity for a man to improve himself in anatomy,
botany, pharmacy, and the practice of physic, than at both universities
together. What has an oil shop to do with silks; or who would look
for hams and pickles at a mercers? Where things are well managed,
hospitals are made as subservient to the advancement of students in
the art of physic, as they are to the recovery of health in the poor.
Good sense ought to govern men in learning as well as in trade: no
man ever bound his son apprentice to a goldsmith to make him a linen
draper; then why should he have a divine for his tutor to become
a lawyer or a physician? It is true, that the languages, logic and
philosophy, should be the first studies in all the learned professions;
but there is so little help for physic in our universities that are
so rich, and where so many idle people are well paid for eating and
drinking, and being magnificently, as well as commodiously lodged,
that bar books, and what is common to all the three faculties, a man
may as well qualify himself at Oxford or Cambridge to be a Turkey
merchant, as he can to be a physician; which is, in my humble opinion,
a great sign that some part of the great wealth they are possessed
of is not so well applied as it might be.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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