The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
Was the air always as inoffensive to our naked bodies, and as pleasant
as to our thinking it is to the generality of birds in fair weather,
and man had not been affected with pride, luxury and hypocrisy, as
well as lust, I cannot see what could have put us upon the invention of
clothes and houses. I shall say nothing of jewels, of plate, painting,
sculpture, fine furniture, and all that rigid moralists have called
unnecessary and superfluous: but if we were not soon tired with walking
a-foot, and were as nimble as some other animals; if men were naturally
laborious, and none unreasonable in seeking and indulging their ease,
and likewise free from other vices, and the ground was every where
even, solid and clean, who would have thought of coaches or ventured
on a horse's back? What occasion has the dolphin for a ship, or what
carriage would an eagle ask to travel in?
I hope the reader knows, that by society I understand a body politic,
in which man either subdued by superior force, or by persuasion drawn
from his savage state, is become a disciplined creature, that can find
his own ends in labouring for others, and where under one head or other
form of government, each member is rendered subservient to the whole,
and all of them by cunning management are made to act as one. For
if by society we only mean a number of people, that without rule or
government, should keep together, out of a natural affection to their
species, or love of company, as a herd of cows or a flock of sheep,
then there is not in the world a more unfit creature for society than
man; an hundred of them that should be all equals, under no subjection,
or fear of any superior upon earth, could never live together awake
two hours without quarrelling, and the more knowledge, strength, wit,
courage and resolution there was among them, the worse it would be.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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