The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
That the highest good consisted in pleasure, was the doctrine of
Epicurus, who yet led a life exemplary for continence, sobriety, and
other virtues, which made people of the succeeding ages quarrel about
the signification of pleasure. Those who argued from the temperance
of the philosopher, said, That the delight Epicurus meant, was being
virtuous; so Erasmus in his Colloquies tells us, that there are no
greater Epicures than pious Christians. Others that reflected on the
dissolute manners of the greatest part of his followers, would have
it, that by pleasures he could have understood nothing but sensual
ones, and the gratification of our passions. I shall not decide
their quarrel, but am of opinion, that whether men be good or bad,
what they take delight in is their pleasure; and not to look out
for any further etymology from the learned languages, I believe an
Englishman may justly call everything a pleasure that pleases him,
and according to this definition, we ought to dispute no more about
men's pleasures than their tastes: Trahit sua quemque voluptas.
The worldly-minded, voluptuous, and ambitious man, notwithstanding
he is void of merit, covets precedence every where, and desires
to be dignified above his betters: he aims at spacious palaces,
and delicious gardens; his chief delight is in excelling others
in stately horses, magnificent coaches, a numerous attendance, and
dear-bought furniture. To gratify his lust, he wishes for genteel,
young, beautiful women of different charms and complexions, that
shall adore his greatness, and be really in love with his person:
his cellars he would have stored with the flower of every country
that produces excellent wines: his tables he desires may be served
with many courses, and each of them contain a choice variety of
dainties not easily purchased, and ample evidences of elaborate and
judicious cookery; while harmonious music, and well-couched flattery,
entertain his hearing by turns. He employs even in the meanest
trifles, none but the ablest and most ingenious workmen, that his
judgment and fancy may as evidently appear in the least things that
belong to him as his wealth and quality are manifested in those of
greater value. He desires to have several sets of witty, facetious,
and polite people to converse with, and among them he would have
some famous for learning and universal knowledge: for his serious
affairs, he wishes to find men of parts and experience, that should
be diligent and faithful. Those that are to wait on him he would have
handy, mannerly, and discreet, of comely aspect, and a graceful mien:
what he requires in them besides, is a respectful care of every thing
that is his, nimbleness without hurry, dispatch without noise, and an
unlimited obedience to his orders: nothing he thinks more troublesome
than speaking to servants; wherefore he will only be attended by such,
as by observing his looks have learned to interpret his will from the
slightest motions.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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