The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
If the strict rules, and so many outward signs of devotion observed
among those religious orders, deserve such harsh censures, we may well
despair of meeting with virtue any where else; for if we look into the
actions of the antagonists and greatest accusers of those votaries,
we shall not find so much as the appearance of self-denial. The
reverend divines of all sects, even of the most reformed churches
in all countries, take care with the Cyclops Evangeliphorus first;
ut ventri bene sit, and afterwards, ne quid desit iis quæ sub ventre
sunt. To these they will desire you to add convenient houses, handsome
furniture, good fires in winter, pleasant gardens in summer, neat
clothes, and money enough to bring up their children; precedency in all
companies, respect from every body, and then as much religion as you
please. The things I have named are the necessary comforts of life,
which the most modest are not ashamed to claim, and which they are
very uneasy without. They are, it is true, made of the same mould,
and have the same corrupt nature with other men, born with the same
infirmities, subject to the same passions, and liable to the same
temptations, and therefore if they are diligent in their calling,
and can but abstain from murder, adultery, swearing, drunkenness,
and other heinous vices, their lives are all called unblemished,
and their reputations unspotted; their function renders them holy,
and the gratification of so many carnal appetites, and the enjoyment
of so much luxurious ease notwithstanding, they may set upon themselves
what value their pride and parts will allow them.
All this I have nothing against, but I see no self-denial, without
which there can be no virtue. Is it such a mortification not to desire
a greater share of worldly blessings, than what every reasonable
man ought to be satisfied with? Or, is there any mighty merit in not
being flagitious, and forbearing indecencies that are repugnant to
good manners, and which no prudent man would be guilty of, though he
had no religion at all?
I know I shall be told, that the reason why the clergy are so violent
in their resentments, when at any time they are but in the least
affronted, and show themselves so void of all patience when their
rights are invaded, is their great care to preserve their calling,
their profession from contempt, not for their own sakes, but to be
more serviceable to others. It is the same reason that makes them
solicitous about the comforts and conveniences of life; for should
they suffer themselves to be insulted over, be content with a coarser
diet, and wear more ordinary clothes than other people, the multitude,
who judge from outward appearances, would be apt to think that the
clergy was no more the immediate care of Providence than other folks,
and so not only undervalue their persons, but despise likewise all the
reproofs and instructions that came from them. This is an admirable
plea, and as it is much made use of, I will try the worth of it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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