[24] Thomas J. Wertenbaker, _The First Americans, 1607-1690_ (New York, 1927). Wertenbaker's first chapter, "A New World Makes New Men," develops this thesis generally for the American colonial experience, and, as Turner said, those first colonies were the first frontier. [25] Clark, "Pioneer Life in the New Purchase," pp. 28, 63. Clark notes that indentured servitude appeared in Muncy, where Samuel Wallis' great holdings made such service feasible. He also mentions Wallis' ownership of slaves, verified by the Quarter Session Docket of 1778. Wallis freed two Negro slaves, Zell and Chloe, posting a L30 bond that they would not become a charge on the township. [26] Leyburn, _The Scotch-Irish_, p. 262. _See also_ Dunaway, _The Scotch-Irish of Colonial Pennsylvania_, pp. 180-200. [27] These "fringe area" participants in Fair Play society actually resided, for the most part, in Provincial territory and hence enjoyed greater stability and more land. [28] Calhoun, _A Social History of the American Family_, I, 207. [29] _Ibid._ [30] Leyburn, _The Scotch-Irish_, p. 271. Leyburn points out that since the Scotch-Irish were never a "minority," in the sense that their values differed radically from the norms of their areas of settlement, they never suffered the normlessness which Durkheim calls anomie--the absence of clear standards to follow. As Leyburn states it, Anomie was an experience unknown to the Scotch-Irishman, for he moved immediately upon arrival to a region where there was neither a settlement nor an established culture. He held land, knew independence, had manifold responsibilities from the very outset. He spoke the language of his neighbors to the East through whose communities he had passed on his way to the frontier. Their institutions and standards differed at only minor points from his own. The Scotch-Irish were not, in short, a "minority group" and needed no Immigrant Aid society to tide them over a period of maladjustment so that they might become assimilated in the American melting pot. This, however, is not to suggest that minorities are necessarily anomic. The Jews, for example, were always a cultural minority in Europe, yet they adhered intensely to their own cultural norms. [31] Muncy Historical Society, Wagner Collection, Hamilton Papers, p. 10. [32] J. E. Wright and Doris S. Corbett, _Pioneer Life in Western Pennsylvania_ (Pittsburgh, 1940), p. 142. [33] _Ibid._ The existence of these "praying societies" is further substantiated in Colbert's _Journal_. During these services, lay persons gave exhortations or assisted Colbert in some fashion. [34] _Fithian: Journal_, p. 76. [35] Robert S. Cocks, _One Hundred and Fifty Years of Evangelism, The History of Northumberland Presbytery 1811-1961_ (n. p., 1961), p. 2. [36] _Fithian: Journal_, pp. 80-81.