There are many degrees of felicity in heaven to which the believers are
admitted. The Prophet, according to Tirmizi, said there were one hundred.
Some of these may possibly be meant by the eight names they give to
Paradise. (1.) Jannat-ul-Khuld. "Say: Is this, or the _Garden of Eternity_
which was promised to the God-fearing, best?" (Sura xxv. 16.) (2.)
Jannat-us-Salam. "For them is a _Dwelling of Peace_ with their Lord." (Sura
vi. 127.) (3.) Dar-ul-Qarar. "The life to come is the _Mansion which
abideth_." (Sura xl. 42.) (4.) Jannat-ul-'Adan. "To the Faithful, both men
and women, God promiseth gardens and goodly mansions in the _Garden of
Eden_." (Sura ix. 73.) (5.) Jannat-ul-Mawa. "Near which is the _Garden of
Repose_." (Sura liii. 15.) (6) Jannat-un-Na'im. "Amid _delights_ shall the
righteous dwell." (Sura lxxxii. 13.) (7) Jannat-ul-Illiyun. "The register
of the righteous is {172} in _Illiyun_." (Sura lxxxiii. 18,) (8.)
Jannat-ul-Firdaus. "Those who believe and do the things that are right,
they shall have the _Gardens of Paradise_ for their abode." (Sura xviii.
107.)
Hell is said to have seven divisions. The Quran, though it mentions the
names of these divisions, does not state what classes of persons will be
sent to each; but Muslim Commentators have supplied the needed information.
They classify them thus:--(1.) Jahannam, for sinners who die without
repentance. (2.) Lazwa, for the infidels (_i.e._, Christians.) (3.) Hutama,
a fire for Jews, and according to some for Christians. (4.) Sa'ir, for
devils, the descendants of Iblis. (5.) Saqar, for the magians: also for
those who neglect prayer. (6.) Jahim, a boiling caldron for idolaters: also
for Gog and Magog. (7.) Hawia, a bottomless pit for hypocrites. It is said
that heaven has one division more than hell to show that God's mercy
exceeds His justice.
The Muhammadan writers give very full and minute accounts of the events
connected with the resurrection, judgment and future state of those who are
lost, and of those who are saved. Sale gives such an excellent summary of
these opinions, that it is not necessary to enter into details here. The
orthodox belief is that the statements in the Quran and the Traditions
regarding the pleasures of Paradise are to be taken literally.[166]
6. THE PREDESTINATION OF GOOD AND EVIL.--I have already in the section in
which the attribute "will" is described (p. 118) given some account of the
dogmatic statements concerning the doctrine of predestination; but as it
always forms a distinct chapter in Musalman books, I treat it separately
here. Having, however, in the passage referred {173} to, given Al Berkevi's
words on the attribute "will," it is only necessary to make a short extract
from his dogmatic statement concerning Predestination. He says:--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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