Honey, fruit, grain, &c., although less than five camel {221} loads,[228]
must according to Imam Abu Hanifa pay one-tenth; but the Sahibain and Imam
Shafa'i say that if there is less than the five camel loads no Zakat is
required. The Prophet said: "If produced on land naturally watered
one-tenth is due, if on land artificially irrigated one-twentieth." As he
said nothing about the quantity, the Hanifites adduce the fact of the
omission as a proof on their side.
The Zakat should be given to the classes of person mentioned in the
following verse. "Alms are to be given to the poor and the needy, and to
those who collect them, _and to those whose hearts are won to Islam_, and
for ransoms, and for debtors, and for the cause of God, and for the
wayfarer." (Sura ix. 60). The words italicised, according to the
Tafsir-i-Husaini, are now cancelled (mansukh). The reference is to the Arab
Chiefs who were beaten by the Prophet at the battle of Honein (A.H. 8).
This victory is referred to in the 25th verse of this Sura. "God hath
helped you in many battle fields, and on the day of Honein." Abu Bakr
abolished this giving of Zakat to converts, and the Khalif Omar said to
these or similar persons: "This Zakat was given to incline your hearts
toward Islam. Now God has prospered Islam. If you be converted it is well;
if not, a sword is between us." No Companion has denied this statement, and
so the authority for the cancelling of this clause is that of the
Ijma'-i-Ummat (unanimous consent). It is well that an appeal to unworthy
motives should be abolished, but no commentator so far as I know makes that
a reason for the cancelling of this order. It is always placed on the
ground of the triumphant nature of Islam which now needs no such support.
Contemptuous indifference, not any high moral motive was the cause of the
change.
In addition to the persons mentioned in the verse just quoted, Zakat may be
given to assist a Mukatib, or slave {222} who is working in order to
purchase his freedom. Persons who are too poor to go on a Jihad or to make
the Hajj must be assisted.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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