The Hajj must be made by every free Muslim, who is sound in body, and of full age, when he has sufficient means to pay his expenses, after duly providing for the support of his household till his return. If a slave, or a child should make the Hajj, the former on attaining freedom, and the latter on coming of age must again go on pilgrimage. If a woman, whose residence is at a distance of more than three days' journey from Mecca, goes on pilgrimage, she must be accompanied by her husband or by a near relative. Imam As Shafa'i denies the necessity of such attendance, stating that the verse already quoted makes no such restriction. His objection is, however, met as usual by a Tradition. "A certain man came to the Prophet and said: 'My wife is about to make the Hajj, but I am called to go on a warlike expedition.' The Prophet said: 'Turn away from the war and accompany thy wife in the Hajj.'" Imam Abu Yusuf considered that a man who possessed the means should go to Mecca, and held that if he delayed more than a year in making the Hajj he was a sinner. Imam Muhammad, and most others think that a person may postpone the Hajj for some years, but if death should overtake the man before he has made {224} the pilgrimage, he will be accounted a sinner. So practically all agree that delay is dangerous. Connected with the Hajj there are three actions which are farz, and five which are wajib; all the rest are sunnat or mustahab. The farz requisites are: (1) to wear no other garment except the Ihram,[231] two seamless wrappers, one of which is worn round the loins, the other thrown over the shoulder; (2) to stand in 'Arfat; (3) to make the Tawaf, that is to go round the K'aba seven times. The wajib duties are: (1) to stay in Muzdalifah; (2) to run between Mount Safa and Mount Marwah; (3) to perform the Rami-ul-Jamar, or the casting of the pebbles; (4) if the pilgrims are non-Meccans they must make an extra Tawaf; (5) to shave the head after the pilgrimage is over. The Hajj must be made at the appointed season. "Let the pilgrimage (Hajj) be made in the months already known." (Sura ii. 193). These months are Shawwal, Zu'l-q'ada, and the first ten days of Zu'l-Hajja. The actual Hajj must be in the month Zu'l-Hajja, but the preparations for, and the niyyat, or intention of the Hajj can be made in the two preceding months. The 'Umrah, or ordinary pilgrimage, can be done at any time of the year except on the ninth, and four succeeding days of Zu'l-Hajja. On each of the various roads leading to Mecca, there are at a distance of about five or six miles from the city stages called Miqat. The following are the names. On the Madina road, the stage (manzil) is called Zu'l-Halifah; on the 'Iraq road, Zat-i-'Arq; on the Syrian road, Hujfah; on the Najd road, Qarn; on the Yaman road, Yalamlam.[232] {225}