[130] See also Sura xxxviii. 89. [131] Sharh-Aqaid-i-Jami, p. 140. [132] Thus the famous Persian poet Sa'di says in the Bustan, "Yetimi kih nakardah Quran darust, kutub khana-i-chand millat bashust."--"The Perfect one who, ere the whole of Gabriel's book he reads, has blotted out the library of all the peoples' creeds." [133] Sharh-Aqaid-i-Jami, p. 147. Mansukh shud tilawatan wa Kitabatan, _i.e._ abrogated both as regards reading and writing--entirely abrogated. Also Takmil-ul-Iman, p. 64. Din-i-wai Nasikh-i-jami'-i-adian ast.--"His religion abrogates all religions." [134] Commentary on the Holy Bible by Syed Ahmad, C.S.I., vol. i. p. 268. This Commentary is written in Urdu, but the author has made a translation for the benefit of the English reader. The passage referred to reads thus in English: "Those who imagine it to be part of the Muhammadan creed that one law has totally repealed another are utterly mistaken, and we do not believe that the Zuboor (Book of Psalms) abrogated the Taureit (Pentateuch); that the Taureit in turn gave way to the Injeel (New Testament) and that the New Testament was suppressed by the Holy Koran. We hold no such doctrine, and if any ignorant Muhammadan should assert to the contrary, he simply knows nothing whatever about the doctrines and articles of his faith." The learned Syed here assumes the role of a liberal Musalman, but the English translation is different from his Urdu text which, literally translated, is as follows:--"Now it should be considered that those who imagine it to be part of the creed of Muslims that the Taurat by the coming of the Zabur, and the Zabur by the coming of the Injil, and the Injil by the coming of the Quran are abrogated _on account of the idea that there is any defect in them_ are utterly mistaken, &c." The clause which I have italicised is entirely omitted in the English text; but it alters the import of the whole passage. To his co-religionists the Syed says in effect: "The books _are abrogated_ but not because they were imperfect." Now, as no Muslim would believe that a divine book was defective, the Syed is simply asserting the fact of the abrogation of the previous Scriptures and to the orthodox is orthodox. The leader of an apparently liberal section of Indian Musalmans is, in this instance, at least, as conservative as the most bigoted. [135] Syed Ahmad's Commentary on the Holy Bible, vol. i. p. 22. [136] Ibid, p. 31. [137] There are many other such passages. They are given in detail, with the interpretation of approved commentators, in a small S. P. C. K. publication--The Koran--by Sir W. Muir. [138] Commentary on the Holy Bible, by Syed Ahmad, C.S.I., vol. i. pp. 64-95. [139] Takmil-ul-Iman, p. 59. [140] Takmil-ul-Iman, p. 59. [141] Takmil-ul-Iman, p. 65. [142] Prolegomenes d'Ibn Khaldoun, vol. i. pp. 196-205.