Protestantism not traceable to Apostolic times, 47; and Arianism paralleled, 55, et seq. Protestants differ in belief among themselves, 9; sects do not possess unity, 9; combat the perpetual virginity of Mary, 169, et seq.; their objections answered, 169, et seq.; burned Catholic churches, 251; abolished confirmation, 285. Puritans effected changes in Maryland, 237; persecuted others for conscience’s sake, 251. Ranke quoted on Spanish Inquisition, 256. Raphael Archangel and young Tobias, 155. Real presence founded on scripture, 288; proved from the New Testament, 288, et seq. Reformation of morals effected, 26. Reformers made a babel of the Bible, 86; and sacred images, 198; guilty of violence towards others, 250. Regeneration, necessary to all, 272. Religious denominations and their founders, 46. Repentance—Catholic and Protestant systems contrasted, 362. Revelation—church divinely appointed teacher of, 76. Reverence for the Cross, 3; and adoration compared, 202. Rites and ceremonies prescribed by God, 322. Ritual described in Revelation, 324. Rodriguez, “Christian Perfection” recommended, 20. Roman Pontiff and Jewish High Priest, compared, 95. Roman Plebescitum explained, 146. Rome, St. Peter, first Bishop of, 106. Rome, St. Peter’s residence in, proved, 107; testified by eminent writers, 107. Sacramental confession of divine institution, 346, et seq. Sacraments and prayers are means of grace, 265; defined, 265; constituent elements, 265; seven, instituted by Christ, 266. Sacred images—advantages, 204, et seq.; and the Reformers, 198; and the council of Trent, 198, et seq. Sacrifices, defined, 307; offered by all peoples, 307; early, 307, et seq.; various, in Old Law, 317. St. Alphonsus, a distinguished reformer, 27. St. Ambrose describes Mary’s life, 194; confronts the Emperor Theodosius, the Great, 232; on the sevenfold gifts of the Holy Ghost, 284. St. Athanasius appeals to Pope Julius I against a Decree of the Eastern Bishops, 111. St. Augustine quoted about truth, 12; on false claims to Catholicity, 33; on Apostolicity, 49, 56; describes confirmation, 282; on Chrism ointment, 285; on secret confession, 360. St. Basil of Cæserea has recourse to Pope Damasus, 111. St. Bartholomew’s Day—massacre, 259; church not interested in, 259; facts stated, 259, et seq. St. Bernard released Jews from religious persecution, 228. St. Charles Borromeo, the reformer, 27. St. Cyril appeals to Pope Celestine, 111. St. Francis de Sales’ writings recommended, 20. St. Hilary of Arles and papal supremacy, 111. St. Ignatius Loyola, conspicuous reformer, 27. St. Irenæus bears witness to the spread of Christianity, 31. St. Jerome’s edition of the Scriptures, 91; edits the vulgate, 91. St. John Chrysostom appeals to Pope Innocent I, 111. St. Justin, martyr, witness of Catholicity in second century, 31.