The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological StudyMalinowski, Bronislaw
History
The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Aboriginal Australians -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- Australia; Families -- History
Amongst the Encounter Bay natives "no mother will venture to bring
up more than two children, because she considers that the attention
which she would have to devote to them would interfere with what
she regards as the duty to her husband in searching for roots,
etc."[654]
[654] Meyer in Woods, pp. 186, 187.
Amongst the Adelaide tribes "female infants at birth are not
infrequently put to death for the sake of more valuable boys who
are still being suckled."[655]
[655] Wyatt in Woods, p. 162.
As justification of infanticide "women plead that they cannot
suckle and carry two children together."[656] It is clear from this
statement that the impossibility of suckling more than one child at
a time is given as justification for infanticide by the _natives
themselves_; and that it is not only an inference of the observer.
[656] Chas. Wilhelmi, quoted by Br. Smyth, i. p. 51. (Port
Lincoln Tribes.)
Infanticide was practised among the Port Lincoln tribes. "In
extenuation of this horrible practice the women allege that they
cannot suckle and carry two babies at once."[657] This statement
also quite unmistakably points to the fact that children were
suckled and attended by their own mother.
[657] Schürmann in Woods, p. 224.
Bennett writes that among the New South Wales natives women
practice infanticide in order to avoid too much trouble in carrying
their infants about.[658]
[658] _Loc. cit._, i. pp. 123, 124.
Another statement, maintaining still more strongly the view that
only the mother suckled her child, is that of Collins.[659] He says
that he knew two instances in which infants were killed by the
father at their mother's grave, the reason alleged being that as no
one else could be found to suckle the child and to rear it it must
have died a worse death. Collins supposes that this is a general
custom.
[659] Collins, i. pp. 607, 608.
Gason states that among the Dieri nearly thirty per cent. of the
children were destroyed by their mothers at birth to avoid the
cares and trouble of rearing.[660]
[660] In Woods, p. 258.
"The Arunta native does not hesitate to kill a child--always
directly it is born--if there be an older one still in need of
nourishment from the mother; and suckling is continued up to the
age of three years and even older."[661] And again: "The child is
killed ... when the mother is ... unable to rear it owing to there
being a young child whom she is still feeding."[662]
[661] Spencer and Gillen, _Nat. Tr._, p. 264.
[662] _Ibid._, p. 51.
Among the Kabi and Wakka: "The motive for infanticide with these
tribes could not be to save food in times of dearth, for the food
supply was constant and plentiful. It would be mainly, if not
entirely, that mothers might escape the irksomeness of nursing
and caring for infants and of carrying them on their frequent
journeys."[663]
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