The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological StudyMalinowski, Bronislaw
History
The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Aboriginal Australians -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- Australia; Families -- History
We may point to the circumstance that this disparity of age stands
in connection with the very prevalent form of betrothal, viz. the
promising of a girl in infancy usually to a mature man. Other modes of
obtaining wives, as exchange of a daughter for a wife, and levirate,
stand also in connection with the disparity of age.
_Statements._--We read in Curr: "The Australian male almost
invariably obtains his wife or wives either as a survivor of a
married brother, or in exchange for his sisters, or later on in
life for his daughters." An old widow often falls to the lot
of some young bachelor.[757] On the other hand young girls are
allotted to old men. "One often sees a child of eight the wife of
a man of fifty." And we read further: "The marriage rules of the
blacks result in very ill-assorted unions as regards age; for it is
usual to see old men with mere girls as wives and men in the prime
of life married to old widows. As a rule women are not obtained by
the men unless they are at least thirty years of age. Women have
very frequently two husbands during their lifetime, the first older
and the second younger than themselves."[758] "I never heard of
a female over sixteen years of age, who, prior to the breakdown
of aboriginal customs after the coming of the Whites, had not a
husband."[759]
[757] Curr, _A.R._, i. p. 107. This is said about the
Australians in general.
[758] _Ibid._, p. 110.
[759] _Ibid._
Speaking again on marriage among the Bangerang, Curr says: "As a
rule, girls would be about twelve or fourteen years of age, and
their husbands-elect some five-and-thirty years older, and already
the lords of one or two spouses." "In this way it happened that one
seldom saw a couple in which both the parties were young."[760]
And further on we read, "Few men under thirty have lubras." But in
the age between fifty and sixty men usually possess two or three
wives. The difference between the spouses is usually twenty years;
sometimes much more.[761]
[760] _Recollections_, p. 129.
[761] _Recollections_, p. 171.
We find the disparity of age in marriage mentioned by Howitt in
several places. So we learn that old men were often betrothed to
young girls among the Wolgal.[762] We read that in Australia old
men secure the young females for themselves.[763] And that young
men obtain for wives some old repudiated wife of one of the old
men.[764] Among the Geawe Gal "girls were affianced to men much
older than themselves."[765] Speaking of the Dieri and other South
Central tribes he says that old wives of old men are handed over to
young boys.[766]
[762] _Nat. Tr._, p. 197.
[763] _Kam. and Kurn._, p. 354.
[764] _Trans. R.S.V._ (1888), p. 126.
[765] _Kam. and Kurn._, p. 280.
[766] _J.A.I._, xx. p. 55.
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