The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological StudyMalinowski, Bronislaw
History
The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Aboriginal Australians -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- Australia; Families -- History
Among the tribes observed by Salvado "Le sauvage demande la
personne qu'il veut épouser au père de celle-ci, et si celui-ci ne
l'a promise à aucun autre, et n'y voit pas d'empêchement, il la lui
accorde. Dès ce moment, la jeune personne appartient au sauvage
qui l'a demandée, quoiqu'elle reste en compagnie de sa famille,
jusqu'à l'age de la puberté. Cet engagement est inviolable, et si
jamais un père y manquait, ce serait la cause de beaucoup de sang
répandu. Le sauvage pourtant quand il demande une jeune personne en
mariage, s'il ne se fie pas à la parole du père, l'emmène avec lui
et lui tient lieu de frère, jusqu'à ce qu'elle ait atteint l'âge
convenable. Dans aucun cas on ne demande à la jeune personne son
consentement. Neanmoins j'ai entendu dire à des fiancés: 'Je l'aime
et elle m'aime aussi.'"[127] "L'autre manière de prendre femme est
de la ravir à son père, ou à son mari, soit à cause de sa rare
beauté, soit parce que son mari la maltraite. Mais ensuite si
celui-ci la trouve, il la tue sans pitié, aussi le ravisseur
l'emmène-t-il au loin, et tâche de se soustraire à tout jamais à la
présence de l'offensé."[128]
[127] Salvado, _loc. cit._, p. 278.
[128] _Ibid._, pp. 278, 279.
In West Australia "female children are always betrothed within a
few days after their birth; and from the moment they are betrothed
the parents cease to have any control over the future settlement
of their child." The woman is kept by her husband as his exclusive
property. "Stealing a wife is generally punished with death." It
means that elopement was punished by death, but we are not told if
of both parties or only one, and which one. This statement agrees
with our last one. It might be, therefore, that in West Australia
the rules were in this regard more stringent. But it seems more
probable that death was the extreme punishment only, and that
usually an ordeal was sufficient.[129]
[129] Geo. Grey, ii. pp. 229, 230.
We are informed in G. F. Moore's vocabulary of West Australian
languages that the word meaning "firm," "fixed" is "applied to a
man and wife as firmly united together."[130] It shows that this
idea must have been strongly inculcated in the aboriginal society,
if the expression for firmness and marriage were associated in
their language. By itself, such a linguistic argument might be
justly designated as futile; but it is a valuable addition to the
other evidence in our possession. The same author mentions three
modes of obtaining wives: infant betrothal, inheritance from a
brother or relative (levirate), and elopement.[131]
[130] _Loc. cit._, p. 5.
[131] _Loc. cit._, p. 41.
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