The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological StudyMalinowski, Bronislaw
History
The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Aboriginal Australians -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- Australia; Families -- History
We read in Scott Nind's description of the aborigines of King
George's Sound: "The girls appear to be at the disposal of their
father and are generally bespoke in their infancy; even before
they are born we have been told to whom they were betrothed, if
they prove to be females." Sometimes exchange of relatives is
practised. In some cases boys are adopted as sons-in-law--a custom
called _cotertie_.[132] This seems to be analogous to the customs
reported from Central Australia and New South Wales. "Attentions
and presents are paid more to her (the bride's) father than
to herself, and indeed the trifles she receives are generally
transferred to him. These chiefly consist of game or other articles
of food; the father, perhaps, receives a cloak, spears or other
implements."[133] The author says: "I do not think they have any
nuptial ceremony."[134] Another mode of procuring a wife is to
carry her off; sometimes against her will, generally by mutual
agreement. In both cases the couple must beware of the husband's
revenge. If the female become pregnant and presents are given to
the husband, she is released from her first engagement.[135] A
woman may be also betrothed during her husband's lifetime to a man,
to whom she passes when widowed.[136]
[132] _Loc. cit._, p. 38.
[133] _Ibid._
[134] p. 38.
[135] _Ibid._
[136] p. 39.
Browne relates that girls were often promised in infancy; elopement
also often took place.[137]
[137] _Loc. cit._, p. 450.
We have also six statements in the answers given to Professor
Frazer's _Questions_ (_J.A.I._, xxiv., pp. 157 _sq._). I have not
ranged them with the foregoing, for they seem not to be of equal
accuracy[138] except perhaps that of Police Inspector Foelsche,
Port Darwin, North Territory, South Australia. And this agrees
with the majority of our data: girls are promised in infancy to
men of different ages, and go to live with them when arrived at
puberty. It is noteworthy that all these six statements deny
the existence of any betrothal ceremony. Five of them inform us
that wives were obtained by "purchase" from their parents. The
word purchase covers, probably, the fact that the girl's parents
obtained, at the marriage contract, and probably ever after, gifts
from their future son-in-law. We have such statements already in
our collection, and it seems that wherever there was no exchange
of females the girl's family received some compensation for her in
another form.
[138] They are given by police troopers, stationmasters,
etc. One of them is Sam Gason, whose information about the
Dieri we know from another place. It is crude, but not
quite useless; here he does not teach us anything new.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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