The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological StudyMalinowski, Bronislaw
History
The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Aboriginal Australians -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- Australia; Families -- History
_Statements._--Amongst the Kurnai there were certain limits to the
husband's authority: "Although a man might kill his wife under
certain circumstances, and his act would be then approved by custom
and by public opinion, yet, under other circumstances, he might not
do so without incurring blood feud."[156] All the duties of the
family were "shared equally" by man and woman.[157] This statement,
as to the limits of authority, is in agreement with all we shall
find afterwards: nobody and nothing could interfere with the
husband if he ill-treated his wife, unless her life was threatened.
Then her relatives intervened. What the expression of "sharing
the duties" means, is not quite clear. If it refers to economic
functions, we shall have a better picture later; but it stands as
a contrast to such expressions as "slave" or "drudge," used in
connection with the wife's rôle by so many writers. In another
place Howitt says: "I have known many instances ... including
several cases among the Kurnai, of men carrying their wives about
the country when too old or too sick to walk."[158] This would
point to a great affection, not only resulting from erotic motives,
but from real attachment, such as unites human beings who have
lived and suffered much together.
[156] Howitt, _Kam. and Kurn._, p. 206.
[157] See below on economic side of family life.
[158] _Nat. Tr._, p. 766.
Among the Bangerang "community of interests between man and wife
is much less than amongst civilized people. The husband gorges
himself before he gives the rest of his food to his wife. He is a
constant check on her free will and inclinations. She regards him
more as her master and enemy than as her mate. But as she is not
very sensitive, and educated to her lot, she bears it patiently,
and after a year or two she is happy on the whole."[159]
[159] Curr, _Recollections_, p. 259.
Speaking of the Australian aborigines in general, Curr says:[160]
"The husband is almost an autocrat. His wife he may ill-treat as
he chooses. In rare instances he will exchange her for another,
repudiate, or give her away." He may not kill her; her relatives
would kill the first of his blood. "Otherwise the husband may treat
his wife as he likes." "The husband is the absolute owner of his
wife. He may do as he pleases with her, treat her well or brutally,
ill-use her at his pleasure; keep her to himself, prostitute her,
exchange her for another, or give her away." But he adds, "Yet ...
they are, on the whole, fairly happy, merry and contented."
[160] _A.R._, i. pp. 60, 110. Curr knew personally only
the Bangerang tribe, and some others in North Victoria
(Glenbourn and Murray tribes), and his general observations
must be taken as framed on this material, as he does
not seem to be sufficiently aware of how many and deep
differences there might be between different tribes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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