The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological StudyMalinowski, Bronislaw
History
The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Aboriginal Australians -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- Australia; Families -- History
Amongst the Kabi and Wakka tribes (Queensland, near Maryborough),
there are cases where the "seniors of the camp" have some rights
over a woman. In general none but the husband had any matrimonial
"rights over the wife, and the jealousy made him take good care she
was not interfered with, unless he was a consenting party."[281]
Here we have again the characteristic feature: the husband had
exclusive sexual rights over his wife; but he might dispose of her,
and used to do so.
[281] J. Mathew, pp. 161, 162.
Amongst the North-west Central Queensland aborigines[282] there is
a certain licence before marriage "unless they should happen to be
betrothed"; in that case the husband does not like it. "Morality in
its broadest sense is recognized a virtue." And in another place we
are informed that "if an aboriginal requires a woman temporarily,
he either borrows a wife from her husband for a night or two in
exchange for boomerangs, a shield, food, etc., or else violates the
female when unprotected, when away from the camp, out in the bush."
In the latter case, if the woman is unmarried "no one troubles
himself about the matter." If married, a quarrel would ensue if the
husband came to know anything.[283] Roth gives also an account of
the initiation ceremonies, in which females, arrived at puberty,
are ceremonially deflorated by old men. It is important to note
that the exogamous class rule is disregarded on such occasions,
when several men of forbidden degrees have access to the woman,
but blood relations are strictly excluded. A girl acquires a new
designation, corresponding to the new age grade; she becomes
marriageable and enters altogether into a new status.[284]
[282] Roth, Bull. 8, p. 7, § 3.
[283] _Idem_, _Ethnol. Stud._, p. 182, § 327.
[284] _Ethnol. Stud._, pp. 174 _sqq._
Among the natives of Cape York the unmarried girls are allowed to
have free intercourse, but a female once married is required to
be absolutely faithful to her husband, and this requirement is
enforced by severe punishments.[285]
[285] Macgillivray, ii. p. 8.
Amongst the tribes of West Australia: "The crime of adultery is
punished severely--often by death."[286] Grey speaks also of
the "stern and vigilant jealousy."[287] "... the bare suspicion
of infidelity upon their part is enough to ensure to them the
most cruel and brutal treatment."[288] But he mentions also the
continuous rows and plots that issue round a beautiful woman,[289]
who knows sometimes how to evade the precautions of her husband.
Grey speaks emphatically of the "horror of incest."[290] Fidelity
seems, therefore, to be severely enforced in these tribes. Grey
says nothing about wife-lending. Chastity does not seem to have
obtained there, nevertheless.
[286] Grey, ii. p. 242.
[287] _Ibid._, p. 252; also see p. 248.
[288] _Ibid._, p. 249.
[289] _Ibid._, pp. 248, 249.
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