Not the old, then, because it is old, nor the new because it is new; not the few who will hold no parley with that which to them is evil, nor the many who cling to what they have inherited lest they lose life's best treasures; not to those who call aloud in the market place, "Behold the coming of the Lord!" nor to those who sit at the fireside and cherish their own only; not on or to any one manifestation of the life in which we have our being can the old, with the spirit of youth, fibre their faith and trust. In all the struggling, mistaken, weary, selfish, cowardly, alike as in all the brave, heroic, unselfish and lovely, is manifestation that makes "no good thing a failure, no evil thing success." This is the testimony of a ripe and wise old age. In that they must trust who have tested the real things of life in the real world of effort, nor lost hope in the Onward Way for all. QUESTIONS ON THE GRANDPARENTS 1. What have been the general tendencies in social treatment of the aged? 2. What are some of the social needs in respect to public and private health, vocational training, wages and standards of living, family and personal insurance and educational opportunities which must be met if old age is to be prolonged as far as possible and made happy and comfortable to the end of life? 3. What should be the aim of youth and middle life in respect to preparation for old age? 4. Read _Old Age Support of Women Teachers_, by Dr. Lucille Eaves, _A Study in Economic Relations of Women_, by the Department of Research of the Women's Educational and Industrial Union of Boston, Mass., and read "The Trade Union and the Old Man," by John O'Grady, Catholic University of America, published in _American Journal of Sociology_ of November, 1917. Are the suggestions in these articles along needed lines? FOOTNOTES: [6] See _The State and Pensions in Old Age_, by J.A. Spender. CHAPTER V BROTHERS, SISTERS, AND NEXT OF KIN "The members of the ancient family were united by something more powerful than birth, affection, or physical strength; this was the religion of the sacred fire and of dead ancestors. This caused the ancient family to form a single body, both in this life and in the next,"--DE COULANGES, in _The Ancient City_. "Land belonged to the clan and the clan was settled upon the land. A man was thus not a member of the clan because he lived upon or even owned the land, but he lived upon the land and had interest in it because he was a member of the clan."--HEARN, in _The Aryan Household_. "Three things if possessed by a man make him fit to be a chief of kindred: that he should speak in behalf of his kin and be listened to; that he should fight in behalf of his kin and be feared; that he should be security on behalf of his kin and be accepted."--WELSH TRIADS (cited by Seebohm).