The Farmer's Veterinarian: A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Farm StockBurkett, Charles William
Science
The Farmer's Veterinarian: A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Farm Stock
Burkett, Charles William
Veterinary medicine
=General Method.=--We start this work with certain hogs that are immune
usually because they have passed through an outbreak. It has been shown
that when such immune hogs are treated with large injections of virulent
blood under the skin or into a vein, that they do not usually become
sick, but their own blood develops a peculiar property that gives
protection to other hogs that are naturally susceptible.
When the blood or rather blood serum from this specially treated immune
hog is injected into the bodies of healthy susceptible hogs, the latter
becomes likewise immune, but the immunity so gained lasts only a short
time, possibly four to six weeks, and is then gradually lost. If we give
a small injection of virulent blood at the same time, or soon after the
immunizing serum is given, then the treated hog becomes immune for a
long period, perhaps for life.
=The Serum Hog.=--The specially immunized hog which produces this
immunizing serum is known as a hyperimmune, and to save words will be
hereafter mentioned as such. The simply immune hog may be prepared for
producing serum in either one of three ways. (1) By three rapidly
increasing doses of virulent blood serum injected under the skin at
intervals of seven to ten days; (2) by one enormously large injection of
virulent serum under the skin; (3) by injecting virulent blood in
smaller doses directly into the blood circulation.
In this work an ordinary immune hog weighing 100 pounds is given a quart
of very virulent blood, a teaspoon of which similarly injected would
kill a hog that was not immune. In other words the immune, and
especially the hyperimmune hog, have developed certain properties in
their blood antagonistic to hog cholera virus.
=Vaccination.=--We have two possible methods of vaccinating or
immunizing susceptible hogs (a) Serum only. This is by the injection
under the skin of serum from the body of a hyperimmune hog and gives
immediate but temporary immunity lasting, as already stated, several
weeks. If this animal, during the period of immunity, is exposed to
natural infection, he becomes protected for a very long period, perhaps
for life. (b) Simultaneous. The second method of vaccination consists of
injecting immunizing blood serum into one thigh and a small amount of
disease-producing serum at the same time, or soon after, into the other
thigh, thus giving the animal the cholera and a cure for it at the same
time. If the immunizing serum is potent and the virulent serum is really
virulent, then the animal so treated becomes permanently immune.
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