I. FROM the _BLADDER_, when affected with _Tumours_, _Ulcers_, or _Glands_, obstructing the _Passages_; which however is more frequently occasioned by _Stones_ lodged in the _BLADDER_, or in its _Neck_: In either of which _Conditions_, the MIDWIFE, by dilating the _Passage_ with a subtile _HAND_, must repel the _OS COCCYGIS_ according to ART (as taught in the preceeding _Chapter_) that the _HEAD_ in falling down, may the less offend the _BLADDER_. II. THE same _Difficulty_ may arise from the _RECTUM_, when it happens in the same _Manner_, to be affected with such obdurated _Glands_, _Tumours_, &c. for the _Consequence_ is the same in shutting up the _Passages_: In which _Case_ the _MIDWIFE_ is to depress gently such _Excrescences_, of what kind soever, with her cautious _HAND_, and consequently to dilate the _Passages_ by degrees (how much soever obstructed) for receiving the _Head_ of the _INFANT_; always having a respect to the _affected Parts_, and bearing no harder upon them than Necessity requires. MOREOVER sometimes it happens, that the only _Difficulty_ in _LABOUR_ proceeds from _hardened Excrements_ in this _Gut_, which may as effectually stop or shut up the _Passage_, as any thing else, until duly voided and evacuated by _one_ or _more_ proper _CLYSTERS_, as Occasion directs. BUT sometimes it also happens, that such _Difficulties_ arise from the falling out of the _Fundament_ by the strong and violent _THROWS_ that the _Woman_ Suffers in LABOUR: In which _Condition_, if the _CHILD_ is very forward in the _Passage_, before it _happens_, it may be prevented by dissuading or hindering the WOMAN from _Labouring_ so vehemently; but if it happen’d before that time, it must be left so until the _BIRTH_ be accomplished; after which time, it is to be put up exactly, and reduced to its proper _Place_, in the same manner as the WOMB might be (in Case of its _Prolapse_, as mentioned in the following _Chapter_) after duly _fomenting_ and _bathing_ it with proper _Applicatives_: advertising always to use no _CLYSTERS_, in time of CHILD-BED; because such Means would readily excite it again to a slippery _Relapse_. [Illustration] [Illustration] CHAP. XI. _Of Difficult BIRTHS proceeding from the Causes of the VAGINA._ DIFFICULTY likewise in _LABOUR_ may also arise from the _VAGINA_, or _Neck_ of the WOMB; this _Part_ being no less liable to the Affection of _Tumours_, _Glands_, _Ulcers_, &c. than any _Other_ before-mentioned: In _Either_ of which _Cases_, my above-mentioned _Method_ in the foregoing _Chapter_, shall suffice for the _MIDWIFE_’s _Instruction_; as also in _Case_ of an _Inflation_ or _Inflammation_ of the _Pudendum_.