In regard to the effect of the Lawrence filter upon the health of the city, I can best quote from Mr. Mills’ paper in the Report of the Massachusetts State Board of Health for 1893, and also published in the Journal of the New England Water-works Association. Mr. Mills says: “In the following diagram [Fig. 15] the average number of deaths from typhoid fever at Lawrence for each month from October to May, in the preceding five years, are given by the heavy dotted line; and the number during the past eight months are given by the heavy full line. “The total number for eight months in past years has been forty-three, and in the present year seventeen, making a saving of twenty-six. Of the seventeen who died nine were operatives in the mills, each of whom was known to have drunk unfiltered canal water, which is used in the factories at the sinks for washing. [Illustration: FIG. 15.—TYPHOID FEVER IN LAWRENCE.] “The finer full line shows the number of those who died month after month who are not known to have used the poisoned canal water. The whole number in the eight months is eight. “It is evident from the previous diagram [not reproduced] that the numbers above the fine full line, here, follow after those at Lowell in the usual time, and were undoubtedly caused by the sickness at Lowell; but we have satisfactory reason to conclude that the disease was not propagated through the filter but that the germs were conveyed directly into the canals and to those who drank of the unfiltered canal water. Among the operatives of one of the large corporations not using the canal water there was not a case of typhoid fever during this period. Warnings have been placed in the mills where canal water is used to prevent the operatives from drinking it. “We find, then, that the mortality from typhoid fever has, during the use of the filter, been reduced to 40 per cent of the former mortality, and that the cases forming nearly one half of this 40 per cent were undoubtedly due to the continued use of unfiltered river water drawn from the canals.” The records of typhoid fever in Lawrence before and after the introduction of filters are as follows: DEATHS FROM TYPHOID FEVER IN LAWRENCE, 1888-98.