The Fleet: Its Rivers, Prison, and MarriagesAshton, John
History
The Fleet: Its Rivers, Prison, and Marriages
Ashton, John
Fleet Prison (London, England); Fleet, River (England)
It is a moot question, and I put it forward with all reserve, as to
whether there was not even an earlier mention of the Fleet before the
very authentic case of Nathaniel de Leveland; but as it is open to
objection that there were more Fleets than one, I only give the cases,
and make no comment.[90] 1189: "William de Flete gave a Mark to have
his plea in the King's Court touching a hyde of land, versus Randolph
de Broy." And again,[91] in 1193: "Richard de Flet fined in one hundred
Marks, that his daughter might be delivered from Ralf de Candos, who
said he had espoused her."
In the Rolls are many cases which mention the Fleet, but, although it
was a House of Detention, for debtors, especially to the King, and
persons committing minor crimes, it never seems to have been degraded
into what we should now term "a Gaol." No felons seem to have been
incarcerated there, and there is no mention of gyves or chains, but
they were used in after years.
It would seem that another "lady" Warden of the Fleet existed in
Edward II.'s time, for, in 1316, "Johanne, late Wife of John Schench
deceased, who held of the King in chief the Serjeanties of the Custody
of the King's Palace of Westminster, and of his Prison of Flete,
married Edmund de Cheney, without licence obtained from the King,
in that behalf. Whereupon the said serjeanties were taken into the
King's hands, and straitway the Treasurer and the Barons committed the
Custody of the Palace of Richard Abbot, who was sworn _de fideliter_,
&c., and the Custody of the Flete Prison to John Dymmok, Usher of
the Exchequer, who was sworn in the like manner. Afterwards the said
Edmund made Fine for the said Trespass, and the said serjeanties were
restored." By which we see that thus early "women's rights" were fully
recognized, and "employment for females" in occupations hitherto
enjoyed exclusively by men, seems to have been in force.
Although not in Chronological Order, I may as well add another, and the
only other mention that has come under my notice of a female Warden
(1677):[92] "A Woman Guardian of the Fleet, marries her Prisoner in
Execution; he is immediately out of Execution; for the Husband cannot
be Prisoner to his Wife, it being repugnant that she, as jaylor, should
have custody of him, and he, as husband, the custody of her."
Without some effective supervision, as is the case with our Prison
Commissioners, abuses were bound to creep in, and the Governor
or Warden of any Prison, (who doubtless had paid heavily for the
appointment) had to recoup himself by squeezing the unfortunate
prisoners, and we shall find several examples of this in the Fleet. The
earliest seems to have been in the second year of Henry IV. (1400) when
a petition was presented to Parliament[93] which prays, in its quaint
Norman French that "les fees de Gardien de Flete sorént mys en certain"
that the fees might be settled.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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