The Floors of the Ocean: 1. The North Atlantic: Text to accompany the physiographic diagram of the North AtlanticHeezen, Bruce C.
Science
The Floors of the Ocean: 1. The North Atlantic: Text to accompany the physiographic diagram of the North Atlantic
Heezen, Bruce C.
Ocean bottom
In Plate 26 four profiles replotted from published sections are
shown. Each profile is plotted at 40:1 exaggeration, and depths are
indicated in fathoms and kilometers to facilitate comparison with
the profiles and topographic descriptions given elsewhere in this
paper. Some stations which lie up to 100 miles from a profile have
been projected along the strike of the topography. In general each
profile indicates (1) a thick lens of sediment and sedimentary rock
beneath the continental rise; (2) a major discontinuity in crustal
structure at the base of the continental slope; and (3) a wedge
of low-velocity sedimentary rocks ("unconsolidated") overlying a
lens of higher-velocity ("semi-consolidated and consolidated")
sedimentary rocks beneath the continental shelf. The basin, filled
with higher-velocity sedimentary rocks, is formed by an upturned
lip of crystalline basement rocks near the continental slope. Local
variations in thickness and velocity give rise to interesting minor
configurations, but the basic structure is nearly identical in all the
sections. The main contrast is that the category III provinces are
underlain by thick sedimentary rocks in the case of the continental
rise, and successively thinner accumulations of sedimentary rock are
associated with the marginal basins and marginal trenches.
Since the main difference in the continental-margin sections seems
to be a greatly enhanced continental-rise sedimentary section to
the north as compared with the Blake Plateau--Bahama--Puerto Rico
region, it seems reasonable to conclude that the main difference in
the topography is the result of different sedimentation rates or a
different time of origin, rather than of a vastly different structural
origin. The sedimentary rock column beneath the continental rise is
truly geosynclinal in thickness. Whether this great lens of sediment
and sedimentary rock will eventually be deformed into a mountain range
to form a new addition to the continent as advocated by the accretion
school or whether it will lie forever on the sea floor is one of the
great speculations of geology.
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