The Floors of the Ocean: 1. The North Atlantic: Text to accompany the physiographic diagram of the North AtlanticHeezen, Bruce C.
Science
The Floors of the Ocean: 1. The North Atlantic: Text to accompany the physiographic diagram of the North Atlantic
Heezen, Bruce C.
Ocean bottom
Along the northwest corner of Corner Rise the abyssal-hills province
pinches out. South of Corner Rise the province appears on both the east
and the west sides of the Sohm Abyssal Plain, and isolated abyssal
hills become more numerous within the abyssal plain. In profile WH-6
the abyssal hills within the province reach 300 fathoms in height and
are 3-5 miles wide. A few higher peaks occur such as the two in profile
WH-6, one 500 fathoms high and 20 miles wide and the other 700 fathoms
high and 15 miles wide. In addition eight isolated hills 100 to 175
fathoms high rise from the plain in the same profile. To the south, the
frequency of hills within the plain increases, and the hills province
widens. In profile WH-7 the province increases to 35 miles in width
on the east side of the Sohm Plain and to 100 miles in width on the
west side. The smaller individual hills in the plain are 200 fathoms
high, in contrast to the average of 100 fathoms in WH-6. Twenty-one
individual hills rise from the plain in WH-7, in contrast to 15 in
WH-6. In WH-8 the abyssal plain is represented by a flat-floored valley
only 12 miles wide; the remaining 500-mile width of the abyssal floor
is occupied by abyssal hills. Individual hills are 300 to 600 fathoms
high and 5 to 10 miles wide (Fig. 28; Pl. 10). If we filled all the
depressions on WH-8 with 100 fathoms of sediments the profile would
closely resemble WH-7.
[Illustration: FIGURE 28.--_Tracing of PDR record, abyssal hills,
southeast of Bermuda Rise_] WH-9 and WH-10 are very similar to WH-8
except that individual hills seem to become broader and lower toward
the south. The height of individual hills in WH-10 ranges from 100 to
250 fathoms. South of WH-8 the abyssal-hill province splits into two
strips which border the Nares Abyssal Plain. The western strip lies
below the eastern scarp of the Bermuda Rise Scarp Zone, and the eastern
strip follows the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, sending a narrow strip westward
along the northern edge of the outer ridge north of Puerto Rico. A
number of hills 50 fathoms high and 2-5 miles wide are scattered over
the eastern part of the Nares Abyssal Plain. Abyssal hills are rare
in the abyssal plain west of 65° W. The abyssal-hill province along
the southwestern Bermuda Rise is extremely narrow and intermittent. No
abyssal hills have been recorded for the Hatteras Abyssal Plain, and
only locally is the province developed along the western side of the
Bermuda Rise. Locally abyssal hills are moderately well developed along
the northern margin of the Bermuda Rise.
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