The Floors of the Ocean: 1. The North Atlantic: Text to accompany the physiographic diagram of the North AtlanticHeezen, Bruce C.
Science
The Floors of the Ocean: 1. The North Atlantic: Text to accompany the physiographic diagram of the North Atlantic
Heezen, Bruce C.
Ocean bottom
The mid-ocean canyon follows an exceptionally narrow and deep abyssal
gap through the Southeast Newfoundland Ridge. At its narrowest point
the gap is no wider than the mid-ocean canyon.
Mid-Ocean Canyon No. 2 is nearly identical to the Northwest Atlantic
Mid-Ocean Canyon in shape and form (Pl. 14, fig. 2). It has been traced
for only 350 miles through the northwest arm of the Sohm Abyssal Plain.
There is a strong suggestion of a low sill running northeast of the
Bermuda Rise toward the "tail" of the Grand Banks. Such a sill would
cut off the northwest arm of the Sohm Abyssal Plain. Mid-Ocean Canyon
No. 2 would in this case be associated with this abyssal gap connecting
the higher northwest arm with the deeper central and southern parts of
the Sohm Plain. A large magnetic anomaly which crosses the plain at
this point is possibly evidence of a buried ridge beneath the abyssal
plain. Mid-Ocean Canyon No. 2 has been traced from the vicinity of
Kelvin Seamount eastward to the supposed sill. As in the case of the
Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Canyon the gradient at right angles to
the canyon axis generally exceeds the gradient of the canyon floor. A
systematic difference in depth between the two walls was not found in
Mid-Ocean Canyon No. 2.
A small area (8000 square miles) of abyssal hills lies between the
northwest arm of the Sohm Abyssal Plain and the northern edge of
the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. Although many sounding lines have been
run through this area it is not yet clear whether this area is best
referred to as an abyssal gap or a sill, although the evidence seems
to favor a gap. The western end of the Sohm Plain seems to reach a
smooth sill a few dozen miles east of Caryn Peak, and the abyssal plain
surrounding Caryn Peak, at the mouth of the Hudson Canyon, seems either
to be isolated or to be connected with the Hatteras Abyssal Plain to
the south through an abyssal gap.
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