The Floors of the Ocean: 1. The North Atlantic: Text to accompany the physiographic diagram of the North AtlanticHeezen, Bruce C.
Science
The Floors of the Ocean: 1. The North Atlantic: Text to accompany the physiographic diagram of the North Atlantic
Heezen, Bruce C.
Ocean bottom
Crescent Peaks.--Northwest of Bermuda a crescent-shaped line of conical
peaks borders the Bermuda Apron. Individual peaks are 600 fathoms
high and 4 to 6 miles wide at their base. This range of peaks forms a
distinct sub-province which rises from the Bermuda Plateau.
Bermuda Scarp Zone.--The Bermuda Plateau is broken along its eastern
margin by a series of scarps (Pl. 17). There appear to be two systems
of scarps, one trending about N. 55° W. and the other about N. 35°
E. Individual scarps range from 100 to 700 fathoms in height. The
intersecting set of lines shown on the province chart (Pl. 20)
indicates prominent scarps in this area. Dashed lines represent more
speculative scarps. A further study of this interesting area is
underway, and it is hoped that a more-detailed mapping of these scarps
will be possible. Needless to say, dredging on these scarps should
bring rich rewards in fossil sediments and igneous rocks which are
undoubtedly exposed on these precipitous cliffs. The general character
of the scarp zone is illustrated in Plate 17 by an echogram. There seem
to be three or four major ne-sw scarps. In the east-central Bermuda
Rise the areas between the scarp zones remain at virtually the same
depth as the unfractured Bermuda Rise farther west. However, toward the
southeast the inter-scarp areas drop as a series of steps. The depth
along the base of each scarp is nevertheless deeper than the next lower
step. The smaller topographic features of the southeast part of the
scarp zone are very similar to the abyssal hills to the southeast and
are thus probably of the same origin. The strips between successive
scarps tend to shallow to the southeast and reach minimum depths just
before the next scarp is reached.
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