Ovary 2-3-celled. Fruit 1-3-celled, dehiscent. Flowers dioecious. 10 2. Spikelets, all or most of them, bisexual, containing a male and a female flower, arranged in spikes. Styles 2.--Species 1. South Africa. =Phyllocomos= Mast. Spikelets unisexual. 3 3. Female spikelets 1-flowered. Styles or stigmas 2. 4 Female spikelets 2-many-flowered, very rarely 1-flowered, but then stigmas 3. 6 4. Glumes distant. Male spikelets in panicles, female in spikes.--Species 10. South Africa (Cape Colony). (Including _Ceratocaryum_ Nees). =Willdenowia= Thunb. Glumes closely imbricate. 5 5. Female flowers on a thick stalk. Style 1, with 2 stigmas. Fruits more or less distinctly stalked.--Species 15. South Africa (Cape Colony). =Hypodiscus= Nees Female flowers on a thin stalk or sessile. Styles 2. Fruits sessile.--Species 20. South Africa to Nyasaland. =Hypolaena= R. Br. 6. Outer perianth-segments of the female flowers winged on the keel. 7 Outer perianth-segments not winged. Styles 2-3. 8 7. Style 1. Female spikelets in spikes.--Species 15. South Africa (Cape Colony). =Thamnochortus= Berg Styles 2-3. Female spikelets solitary or in fascicles.--Species 5. South Africa (Cape Colony). (Under _Thamnochortus_ Berg). =Staberoha= Kunth 8. Female spikelets solitary or in clusters of 2-3 on the top of the stem, 2-5-flowered. Outer perianth-segments larger than the inner. Styles 2.--Species 8. South Africa (Cape Colony). =Cannomois= Beauv. Female spikelets in spikes or panicles. Outer perianth-segments as large as or smaller than the inner, more rarely larger, but then styles 3. 9 9. Leaf-sheaths persistent. Styles 3.--Species 15. South Africa. =Leptocarpus= R. Br. Leaf-sheaths deciduous, more rarely persistent, but then styles 2.--Species 30. South Africa. (Including _Lamprocaulos_ Mast.) =Elegia= L. 10. (1.) Leaf-sheaths persistent.--Species 100. South Africa. (Plate 13.) =Restio= L. Leaf-sheaths, at least the upper ones, deciduous. Spikelets few-flowered. 11 11. Ovary and fruit 2-celled. Female spikelets in short spikes.--Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). =Askidiosperma= Steud. Ovary and fruit 3-celled.--Species 15. South Africa. =Dovea= Kunth FAMILY 23. MAYACACEAE Herbs. Leaves alternate, linear, 2-toothed at the apex. Flowers in axillary, 2-3-flowered umbels, regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth consisting of 3 imbricate sepals and 3 imbricate petals. Stamens 3. Anthers opening by a terminal pore. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentas. Ovules numerous, straight. Style and stigma simple. Fruit capsular. Embryo at the apex of the mealy albumen. Genus 1, species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola). =Mayaca= Aubl. [Illustration: RESTIONACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 13._ J. Fleischmann del. Restio compressus Rottb. _A_ Upper part of a plant in flower. _B_ Inflorescence. _C_ Male flower. _D_ Male flower cut lengthwise.] [Illustration: XYRIDACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 14._ J. Fleischmann del. Xyris angustifolia De Wild. & Dur.