Leaves leathery. Inflorescence many-flowered. Seeds oblong, winged.--Species 1 (_Ph. tenax_ Forst., New-Zealand-flax). Cultivated in South Africa and the Mascarene Islands. Yields fibre and is used as an ornamental and medicinal plant. =Phormium= Forst. 77. Perianth-segments globosely-campanulately converging, slightly cohering at the base. Stamens with the filaments thickened at the apex and with sagittate basifixed anthers. Ovary 3-celled, each cell with an incomplete partition and numerous ovules. Leaves serrate, crowded at the top of the woody stem.--Species 2. Cultivated and naturalised in the Mascarene Islands and the island of Zanzibar. They yield fibre and starch and are used as ornamental plants. [Tribe YUCCEAE.] =Yucca= L. Perianth-segments spreading towards the tip. Stamens with thread-like filaments or with dorsifixed anthers. Ovary 3-celled with 1-8 ovules in each cell, or 1-celled. [Tribe DRACAENEAE.] 78 78. Ovary 1-celled with numerous ovules. Style short or wanting. Anthers attached at or near the base, opening laterally. Flowers polygamous, in panicles formed of spikes. Leaves all radical.--Species 1. Mascarene Islands. It yields fibre and is used as an ornamental plant. =Astelia= Banks & Soland. Ovary 3-celled with 1-8 ovules in each cell. Anthers attached by the back. 79 79. Ovules 4-8 in each ovary-cell. Style short and thick. Perianth-segments almost free. Flowers in repeatedly branched panicles. Stem woody.--Species 2. Mascarene Islands. Used as ornamental plants. (Under _Cordyline_ Commers.) =Cohnia= Kunth Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell. Style long and slender. Perianth-segments evidently united. 80 80. Leaves all radical, springing from a short root-stock, cartilaginous. Flowers in racemes composed of fascicles. Ovary sessile with a large base. Fruit an achene with a membranous pericarp. Seed-coat fleshy.--Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. Many of them yield fibre and are used as ornamental plants. “Bowstring-hemp.” (_Sanseverinia_ Petagna). =Sansevieria= Thunb. Leaves springing from a sometimes very short woody stem, herbaceous or leathery. Fruit a berry.--Species 65. Tropical and South Africa and Canary Islands. Several species yield a resin (dragon’s blood) employed medicinally and industrially; some are used for plaiting-work or as ornamental plants. =Dracaena= Vand. FAMILY 33. HAEMODORACEAE Herbs. Leaves narrow, 2-ranked. Flowers in racemes or panicles, rarely solitary, hermaphrodite. Perianth yellow; segments 6, petal-like, free or shortly united at the base. Stamens 3, opposite the inner perianth-segments and attached at their base. Anthers turned inwards. Ovary 3-celled; two cells sometimes sterile. Style simple, with a simple stigma, rarely 3-parted. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds flat. Embryo small, enclosed by the base of the albumen.--Genera 4, species 6. South Africa. 1. Ovary superior, 1-3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. 2 Ovary inferior, 3-celled. Flowers regular. 3