28. Filaments longer than the perianth. Flowers in spikes or panicles, usually greenish or yellow. Leaves at the top of a very short stem.--Species 2. Cultivated and sometimes naturalised in North and South Africa and some tropical islands. They yield fibre, fodder, drinks, medicaments, and a substitute for soap, and are also used as hedge-or garden-plants. =Agave= L. Filaments shorter than the perianth. 29 29. Filaments strongly thickened at the base. Flowers in panicles, white. Fruit ovoid. Leaves at the top of a short stem.--Species 1. Cultivated and sometimes naturalised in North and South Africa and some tropical islands. It yields fibre, and is used as a hedge-or garden-plant, also in medicine. (_Furcraea_ Vent.) =Fourcroya= Schult. Filaments slightly thickened at the base. Flowers in capitate spikes, red. Fruit oblong or club-shaped. Leaves at the base of a long stem.--Species 1. Naturalised in the island of St. Helena. An ornamental plant. =Doryanthes= Correa 30. Ovary inferior with many ovules in each cell. Perianth yellow, rarely white or red. Leaves all radical, usually hairy like the peduncle. [Tribe HYPOXIDEAE.] 31 Ovary inferior with 2 ovules in each cell or half-inferior or almost superior. Perianth blue, red, or whitish. Leaves usually radical and cauline. 32 [Illustration: AMARYLLIDACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 19._ J. Fleischmann del. Crinum abyssinicum Hochst. _A_ Plant in flower. _B_ Flower cut lengthwise.] [Illustration: VELLOZIACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 20._ J. Fleischmann del. Barbacenia aequatorialis Rendle _A_ Inflorescence. _B_ Flower cut lengthwise.] 31. Ovary beaked. Fruit a berry. Flowers solitary or in dense spikes or heads.--Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. They yield fibre and are used medicinally and as ornamental plants; some have an edible root-stock. =Curculigo= Gaertn. Ovary not beaked. Fruit a capsule. Flowers solitary or in lax racemes or umbels.--Species 60. Southern and tropical Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including _Ianthe_ Salisb.) =Hypoxis= L. 32. Ovary almost inferior with 2 ovules in each cell. Anthers attached by the back, bursting lengthwise. Perianth with a distinct tube. Fruit 1-seeded. Flowers in panicles. Stem, leaves, and inflorescence woolly.--Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). [Tribe CONOSTYLIDEAE.] =Lanaria= Ait. Ovary half-inferior or almost superior, with several or many ovules in each cell. Anthers attached at the base or near it, bursting at or towards the apex. Perianth divided nearly or quite to the ovary. Stem, leaves, and inflorescence glabrous. [Tribe CONANTHEREAE.] 33 33. Ovary half-inferior. Stamens more or less unequal. Flowers usually without bracteoles, solitary and terminal or arranged in racemes or panicles. Leaves, all or most of them, crowded at the base of the stem.--Species 7. South Africa to Damaraland. Some have edible root-stocks or are used as ornamental plants. =Cyanella= L.