6. Connective with a grooved beak. Lip 3-lobed.--Species 2. Cultivated and sometimes naturalised in the tropics. The root-stock is used as a condiment, especially for the preparation of liquors, and in medicine. “Ginger.” =Zingiber= L. Connective with an oblong or 3-lobed, not grooved appendage. Lip not distinctly 3-lobed. 7 7. Connective with an entire, oblong appendage. Filament adnate to the base of the lip. Inflorescence lax.--Species 2. West Africa (Cameroons) and Madagascar. =Aulotandra= Gagnepain Connective with a 3-lobed appendage. Filament free from the lip. Inflorescence dense.--Species 50. Tropics. The fruits (grains of paradise) of several species (especially _A. melegueta_ Roscoe) are used as a condiment and for the preparation of perfumes and medicaments; others serve as ornamental plants. (Under _Amomum_ L.) (Plate 24.) =Aframomum= K. Schum. 8. Filament long. Lip not distinctly clawed. Inflorescence terminating the leafy stem.--Species 3. Naturalised in the tropical regions. Ornamental plants. =Alpinia= L. Filament short. Lip clawed. 9 9. Lip entire, rhomboidical, adnate to the filament at the base. Epigynous glands lobed. Flowering stem separated from the leafy stem. Inflorescence very dense, almost head-like, surrounded by a coloured involucre.--Species 1. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Used as an ornamental plant, the fruit as a condiment. (_Nicolaia_ Horan., under _Amomum_ L.) =Phaeomeria= Lindl. Lip more or less distinctly 3-lobed, free from the filament. 10 10. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds without an aril. Corolla-tube slightly exceeding the calyx. Stigma small. Inflorescence springing from the base of the leafy stem, lax, paniculate.--Species 1 (_E. Cardamomum_ White et Maton). Cultivated in the tropics and naturalised in the Mascarene Islands. The fruits (cardamoms) are used as a condiment and for the preparation of perfumes and medicaments. =Elettaria= Maton Fruit dehiscent. Seeds with an aril. Calyx closed in bud. Inflorescence usually terminal.--Species 15. Central Africa. (_Ethanium_ Salisb.) =Renealmia= L. f. FAMILY 41. CANNACEAE Herbs. Leaves large, penninerved. Inflorescence spicate or formed of cymes. Flowers irregular and asymmetrical, hermaphrodite. Sepals free. Petals united below. Fertile stamen single, 1-celled, the barren half leaf-like. Staminodes leaf-like. Ovary inferior, 3-celled, with numerous inverted ovules. Style and stigma simple. Fruit capsular. Seeds albuminous; embryo straight. (Under _SCITAMINEAE_.) Genus 1, species 5. Cultivated and sometimes naturalised in various regions. They yield starch, vegetables, medicaments, and dyeing materials, and are also used as ornamental plants. “Indian shot.” =Canna= L. FAMILY 42. MARANTACEAE