Fruit indehiscent, covered with large protuberances. Seeds without an aril. Flower-pairs with a bracteole.--Species 6. West Africa. =Trachyphrynium= Benth. 8. Inflorescence springing from the root-stock and separated from the 1-leafed stem, spike-like. Inner staminodes, at least one of them, equalling the outer.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. (Under _Calathea_ Mey.) =Afrocalathea= K. Schum. Inflorescence terminating the leafy, sometimes very short stem or its branches. 9 9. Inner staminodes larger than the outer, the hooded one without a strap-shaped appendage. Bracts enclosing 2-4 sessile pairs of flowers each. Inflorescence head-like. Stem branched.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon). =Ataenidia= Gagnepain Inner staminodes smaller than the outer. 10 10. Sepals very unequal. Fruit dry, indehiscent, with adnate seeds. Inflorescence consisting of 2-3 spikes. Bracts enclosing one pair of flowers each, persistent.--Species 1. Equatorial Africa. Used in the preparation of salt. (Under _Clinogyne_ Benth. or _Donax_ Lour.) =Halopegia= K. Schum. Sepals subequal. Bracts usually enclosing 2-4 pairs of flowers each. 11 11. Inflorescence head-like. Bracts persistent.--Species 2. West Africa. (Under _Calathea_ Mey.) =Phrynium= Willd. Inflorescence raceme-or panicle-like. Bracts deciduous.--Species 25. West Africa, Upper Nile, and Island of Réunion. Some species yield starch or fibre. (_Donax_ Lour., including _Marantochloa_ Griseb.) (Plate 25.) =Clinogyne= Salisb. ORDER MICROSPERMAE SUBORDER BURMANNIINEAE FAMILY 43. BURMANNIACEAE Herbs. Leaves narrow or scale-like. Flowers solitary or in cymose, usually spike-like inflorescences, regular or nearly so, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Perianth-segments 3 or 6, petaloid, united below. Stamens 3, opposite the inner perianth-segments, or 6. Ovary inferior, 1-or 3-celled. Ovules numerous, inverted. Style 3-or 6-cleft. Fruit dry, dehiscing by slits or irregularly. Seeds albuminous; testa loose.--Genera 4, species 15. Tropical and South Africa. 1. Anthers erect, opening transversely, 3. Style long, with 3 stigmas. [Tribe BURMANNIEAE.] 2 Anthers recurved, opening lengthwise. Style short. [Tribe THISMIEAE.] 3 2. Ovary 1-celled.--Species 3. Central Africa. =Gymnosiphon= Blume Ovary 3-celled.--Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. =Burmannia= L. 3. Corolla regular. Stamens 3; connective without an appendage. Stigma 3-parted.--Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). =Oxygyne= Schlecht. Corolla irregular. Stamens 6; connective with an appendage. Stigma 6-toothed.--Species 2. West Africa (Cameroons). (Under _Thismia_ Griff.) =Afrothismia= (Engl.) Schlecht. SUBORDER GYNANDRAE FAMILY 44. ORCHIDACEAE